AI Engines For more Details: Perplexity Kagi Labs You
Energy Production: Fumarate plays a crucial role in the citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. This cycle is essential for the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy currency of cells. By participating in the citric acid cycle, fumarate contributes to energy metabolism and cellular respiration.
Skin Conditions: Fumarate esters, such as dimethyl fumarate (DMF), have been used as a treatment for psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by red, scaly patches on the skin. DMF has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, which can help alleviate symptoms of psoriasis and improve skin health.
Neurological Disorders: Research suggests that fumarate derivatives, particularly dimethyl fumarate (DMF), may have neuroprotective effects and could be beneficial in the treatment of neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS). DMF has been approved as a disease-modifying therapy for relapsing forms of MS due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties, which help reduce neuroinflammation and protect nerve cells from damage.
Antioxidant Activity: Fumarate exhibits antioxidant properties, which can help neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress in the body. Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of various chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. By scavenging free radicals, fumarate may help protect cells from oxidative damage and support overall health.
Gastrointestinal Health: Fumarate is involved in the regulation of intestinal mucosal integrity and barrier function. It may help maintain the health of the gastrointestinal tract by supporting the integrity of the intestinal epithelium and promoting the secretion of mucin, a protective layer that lines the intestinal wall. Fumarate derivatives have been investigated for their potential therapeutic role in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and other gastrointestinal disorders.
Cellular Signaling: Fumarate has been implicated in various cellular signaling pathways, including those involved in inflammation, apoptosis (programmed cell death), and cell proliferation. Dysregulation of fumarate metabolism has been associated with certain cancers and metabolic disorders. Understanding the role of fumarate in cellular signaling pathways may offer insights into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
