Babesia bigemina Details: NCBI 5866, gram-negative or unknown [species]

1. Fever: Babesia bigemina infections typically result in fever as one of the initial symptoms. Fever is the result of the host's immune response to the presence of the parasite.

2. Anemia: Babesia bigemina parasites infect and destroy red blood cells, leading to hemolytic anemia. Anemia can cause weakness, lethargy, pale mucous membranes, and in severe cases, jaundice.

3. Hemoglobinuria: Hemolysis of red blood cells can result in the release of hemoglobin into the bloodstream, leading to the presence of hemoglobin in the urine (hemoglobinuria). This can give the urine a red or brown color.

4. Jaundice: Severe hemolysis can lead to elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood, causing jaundice (yellowing of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclera).

5. Hepatomegaly and Splenomegaly: Enlargement of the liver (hepatomegaly) and spleen (splenomegaly) may occur due to the involvement of these organs in the immune response to the infection.

6. Weight Loss: Infected cattle may experience weight loss due to reduced appetite and the metabolic demands associated with combating the infection.

7. Decreased Milk Production: Babesia bigemina infections can lead to a decrease in milk production in dairy cattle, resulting in economic losses for farmers.

8. Decreased Reproductive Performance: In breeding cattle, Babesia bigemina infections can lead to decreased reproductive performance, including reduced conception rates and increased rates of abortion.

9. Muscle Weakness and Incoordination: In severe cases, infected cattle may exhibit muscle weakness, incoordination, and difficulty standing or walking.

Visuals of Interactions with other bacteria of the same rank

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Other Sources for more information:

• Immune Epitope Database
• The NCBI taxonomy database
• UniProt
• Immune Epitope Taxonomy Database (IEDB)
• AI Engines For more Details: Perplexity  Kagi Labs  You 

More Information

Statistics

NCBI

Data Punk

End Products Produced

Lab Reporting

Different labs use different software to read the sample. See this post for more details.
One lab may say you have none, another may say you have a lot! - This may be solely due to the software they are using to estimate.
We deem lab specific values using values from the KM method for each specific lab to be the most reliable.

Desired Levels Suggestions for Babesia bigemina

• Frequency - how often do samples show this bacteria
• UD - An alternative statistical algorithm (which factors in the frequency)
• Kaltoft-Moldrup Heuristic Using uploaded data
• Lab Low and High are calculated using the formula that most labs use: Mean - 2 Standard Deviation to Mean + 2 Standard Deviation

These are values that are computed from lab specific samples (Patent Pending)

Lab	Frequency	UD-Low	UD-High	KM Low	KM High	Lab Low	Lab High	Mean	Median	Standard Deviation	Box Plot Low	Box Plot High	KM Percentile Low	KM Percentile High

External Reference Ranges for Babesia bigemina

Babesia bigemina (NCBI 5866) per million

Source of Ranges	Low Boundary	High Boundary	Low Boundary %age	High Boundary %age
PrecisionBiome	1.67872440215433E-05	0.00010838217713171616	0	0

Statistic by Lab Source for Babesia bigemina

These desired values are reported from the lab reports

Lab	Frequency Seen	Average	Standard Deviation	Sample Count	Lab Samples

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Data Contradictions — Limits of Certainity

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General Substance	Specific Substance	Effect
Antibiotics, Antivirals etc	8-aminoquinoline analogue of primaquine {Tafenoquine}	1 Studies recorded. The consensus is Decreases📓, Click for details.
Herb or Spice	Cryptolepis sanguinolenta {Cryptolepis Root}	1 Studies recorded. The consensus is Decreases📓, Click for details.