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Lipid-lowering Effects: Acipimox belongs to a class of medications known as nicotinic acid derivatives or niacin analogs. It exerts its lipid-lowering effects primarily by inhibiting the release of free fatty acids (FFAs) from adipose tissue, which leads to a decrease in triglyceride synthesis and secretion by the liver.
Reduction of Triglycerides: Acipimox effectively lowers plasma triglyceride levels, particularly in individuals with elevated fasting triglyceride concentrations. It helps reduce the production of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (e.g., very low-density lipoprotein or VLDL) and decreases circulating levels of triglycerides.
Increase in HDL Cholesterol: In addition to lowering triglycerides, acipimox may modestly increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. HDL cholesterol is often referred to as "good" cholesterol because it helps remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream and transport it to the liver for excretion.
Improvement of Lipid Profile: Acipimox may lead to favorable changes in the lipid profile, including reductions in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol (low-density lipoprotein), and triglycerides, as well as increases in HDL cholesterol. These changes contribute to a more balanced and healthier lipid profile.
Management of Dyslipidemia: Acipimox is used as an adjunctive therapy in the management of dyslipidemia, particularly in patients with hypertriglyceridemia who have not achieved adequate lipid control with lifestyle modifications (e.g., diet, exercise) alone or with other lipid-lowering medications such as statins.
Anti-diabetic Effects: Acipimox may also have beneficial effects on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, particularly in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated dyslipidemia. By reducing circulating FFAs and triglycerides, acipimox helps improve insulin sensitivity and glycemic control.
Dosage and Administration: Acipimox is typically administered orally in the form of tablets. The dosage and frequency of administration may vary depending on the patient's lipid profile, response to treatment, and tolerability. It is usually taken with meals to minimize gastrointestinal side effects.
Side Effects: Common side effects of acipimox may include flushing, pruritus (itching), gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., nausea, abdominal discomfort), and transient elevations in liver enzymes. Flushing is the most common adverse effect and is often dose-dependent. Taking acipimox with food or using sustained-release formulations may help reduce flushing.
Contraindications: Acipimox is contraindicated in individuals with active peptic ulcer disease, severe hepatic dysfunction, or hypersensitivity to the drug or its components. It should be used with caution in patients with renal impairment or pre-existing liver disease, and liver function tests should be monitored periodically during treatment.
Drug Interactions: Acipimox may interact with other medications, particularly those metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes or affecting lipid metabolism. Concurrent use with other lipid-lowering agents (e.g., statins) or antidiabetic medications may require dosage adjustments or close monitoring for potential adverse effects or interactions.
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
