AI Engines For more Details: Perplexity Kagi Labs You
Parkinson's Disease: Pramipexole belongs to a class of medications called dopamine agonists, which work by stimulating dopamine receptors in the brain. In Parkinson's disease, a decrease in dopamine levels leads to movement difficulties such as tremors, stiffness, and slowness of movement. Pramipexole helps alleviate these symptoms by mimicking the action of dopamine, thereby improving motor function and reducing symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS): Pramipexole is also approved for the treatment of restless legs syndrome, a neurological disorder characterized by an irresistible urge to move the legs, often accompanied by uncomfortable sensations such as tingling, crawling, or creeping. Pramipexole helps relieve the symptoms of RLS by acting on dopamine receptors in the brain, although the exact mechanism of its effectiveness in RLS is not fully understood.
Off-Label Uses: Pramipexole may be prescribed off-label for other conditions, such as depression, fibromyalgia, and bipolar disorder. Some studies have suggested potential benefits in these conditions, possibly due to its effect on dopamine and other neurotransmitter systems. However, more research is needed to establish the efficacy and safety of pramipexole for these uses.
Neuroprotection: There is ongoing research investigating the potential neuroprotective effects of pramipexole in Parkinson's disease. Some studies suggest that pramipexole may have antioxidant properties and could potentially slow the progression of Parkinson's disease or protect dopamine-producing neurons in the brain. However, further clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings.
Side Effects: While pramipexole is generally well-tolerated, it can cause side effects such as nausea, dizziness, drowsiness, hallucinations, orthostatic hypotension (drop in blood pressure upon standing), and impulse control disorders (such as compulsive gambling, shopping, or eating). Patients should be monitored for these side effects, especially when starting or adjusting the dose of pramipexole.
Withdrawal Syndrome: Abrupt discontinuation of pramipexole can lead to withdrawal symptoms such as rebound RLS symptoms, worsening of Parkinson's symptoms, anxiety, agitation, and insomnia. Therefore, pramipexole should be gradually tapered off under medical supervision if discontinuation is necessary.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| genus | Bifidobacterium | Reduces |
| species | Akkermansia muciniphila | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium adolescentis | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium longum | Reduces |
| species | Escherichia coli | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acne | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| ADHD | 3.6 | 0.3 | 11 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 1.1 | 0.4 | 1.75 |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 2.8 | 1.6 | 0.75 |
| Allergies | 4.3 | 2 | 1.15 |
| Allergy to milk products | 1.1 | 1.6 | -0.45 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 1 | 1 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 4.2 | 4.6 | -0.1 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 2 | 0.3 | 5.67 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 3.1 | 0.6 | 4.17 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 1.3 | 2 | -0.54 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Asthma | 4.5 | 2.6 | 0.73 |
| Atherosclerosis | 1.3 | 0.9 | 0.44 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 2.6 | 1.7 | 0.53 |
| Autism | 6.6 | 5.5 | 0.2 |
| Autoimmune Disease | 1.2 | 1 | 0.2 |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Biofilm | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 1.8 | 1.1 | 0.64 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.9 | 1.1 | -0.22 |
| Breast Cancer | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Cancer (General) | 0.9 | 1.6 | -0.78 |
| Carcinoma | 3.8 | 2.3 | 0.65 |
| Celiac Disease | 1.3 | 2.6 | -1 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 1.5 | 1 | 0.5 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 3.1 | 2.7 | 0.15 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 3.6 | 1.6 | 1.25 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.1 | 0.8 | -7 |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 1.6 | 1.4 | 0.14 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 1.5 | 0.3 | 4 |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 1.5 | 1 | 0.5 |
| Cognitive Function | 2.4 | 1.6 | 0.5 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 5.4 | 2.3 | 1.35 |
| Constipation | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.29 |
| Coronary artery disease | 1.6 | 1.6 | 0 |
| COVID-19 | 6.9 | 6.2 | 0.11 |
| Crohn's Disease | 5.1 | 3.4 | 0.5 |
| Cushing's Syndrome (hypercortisolism) | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| cystic fibrosis | 0.7 | 1.8 | -1.57 |
| d-lactic acidosis (one form of brain fog) | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| deep vein thrombosis | 0.9 | 1.1 | -0.22 |
| Denture Wearers Oral Shifts | 1.4 | 1.4 | |
| Depression | 6.7 | 6.5 | 0.03 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Eczema | 1.7 | 1.9 | -0.12 |
| Endometriosis | 2.7 | 1.3 | 1.08 |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Epilepsy | 2.7 | 1.4 | 0.93 |
| erectile dysfunction | 1.4 | 0.3 | 3.67 |
| Fibromyalgia | 2.6 | 0.9 | 1.89 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 3.2 | 2.8 | 0.14 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 2.4 | 1.2 | 1 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 2.1 | 1.3 | 0.62 |
| giant cell arteritis | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Glioblastoma | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Gout | 1.3 | 0.3 | 3.33 |
| Graves' disease | 1.6 | 2.7 | -0.69 |
| Gulf War Syndrome | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| Halitosis | 1.2 | 0.3 | 3 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 3.1 | 1.3 | 1.38 |
| Heart Failure | 2 | 1.1 | 0.82 |
| hemorrhagic stroke | 1.3 | 1.3 | |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 1.2 | 0.3 | 3 |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 0.6 | 0.2 | 2 |
| hyperglycemia | 2.4 | 1.4 | 0.71 |
| Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| hypersomnia | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 3.8 | 3.3 | 0.15 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.1 | 0.7 | -6 |
| Hypoxia | 3 | 0.3 | 9 |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 1.6 | 2.4 | -0.5 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 6.1 | 4.9 | 0.24 |
| Insomnia | 2.1 | 2.1 | 0 |
| Intelligence | 0.6 | 0.1 | 5 |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 1.1 | 0.3 | 2.67 |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 5.5 | 3.4 | 0.62 |
| ischemic stroke | 2 | 1.7 | 0.18 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 6.7 | 3.8 | 0.76 |
| Long COVID | 4.2 | 5 | -0.19 |
| Low bone mineral density | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Lung Cancer | 0.8 | 0.9 | -0.13 |
| Lymphoma | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.5 | 1.4 | -1.8 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 1.2 | 1.8 | -0.5 |
| membranous nephropathy | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Menopause | 1.5 | 0.6 | 1.5 |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 5.5 | 5.6 | -0.02 |
| Mood Disorders | 7 | 5 | 0.4 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 1.2 | 0.1 | 11 |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 5.4 | 3.2 | 0.69 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0.9 | 0.4 | 1.25 |
| myasthenia gravis | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.29 |
| neuropathic pain | 0.3 | 2.4 | -7 |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.8 | 1.6 | -1 |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 4.4 | 2.8 | 0.57 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 1.5 | 0.6 | 1.5 |
| Obesity | 8.3 | 6.5 | 0.28 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 2.8 | 3.1 | -0.11 |
| Osteoarthritis | 1.7 | 1 | 0.7 |
| Osteoporosis | 2.2 | 1.5 | 0.47 |
| pancreatic cancer | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Parkinson's Disease | 6.5 | 4 | 0.63 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 3.3 | 2.1 | 0.57 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.5 |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.75 |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.09 |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 2.3 | 1 | 1.3 |
| Psoriasis | 2.6 | 1.6 | 0.63 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 5.3 | 3.2 | 0.66 |
| Rosacea | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.29 |
| Schizophrenia | 4.8 | 2.3 | 1.09 |
| scoliosis | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Sjögren syndrome | 2.6 | 2.6 | 0 |
| Sleep Apnea | 1.3 | 1.3 | 0 |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 1.5 | 0.2 | 6.5 |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 2.9 | 2.4 | 0.21 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 3.1 | 1.3 | 1.38 |
| Tic Disorder | 0.6 | 1.2 | -1 |
| Tourette syndrome | 1 | 0.3 | 2.33 |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 2.5 | 2.7 | -0.08 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 5.8 | 4.7 | 0.23 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 3.8 | 3.6 | 0.06 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 2.8 | 1.7 | 0.65 |
| Vitiligo | 1.3 | 1 | 0.3 |
