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Allergy Relief: Pheniramine maleate is primarily used to relieve symptoms associated with allergic conditions, such as sneezing, itching, watery eyes, and runny nose. It works by blocking the effects of histamine, a substance produced by the body during allergic reactions.
Common Cold Relief: Pheniramine maleate is also used to alleviate symptoms of the common cold, including nasal congestion, cough, and sore throat. By reducing inflammation in the nasal passages and suppressing cough reflexes, it helps improve breathing and overall comfort.
Sedation: Pheniramine maleate has sedative effects, which can help alleviate symptoms such as insomnia or difficulty falling asleep caused by allergic reactions or cold symptoms. However, sedation can also cause drowsiness and impair cognitive function, so caution should be exercised when operating machinery or driving.
Anti-itching: Due to its antihistamine properties, pheniramine maleate can effectively reduce itching associated with allergic skin conditions like urticaria (hives) and eczema. It blocks histamine receptors in the skin, thereby reducing itching sensations.
Antiemetic: In some cases, pheniramine maleate may be used as an antiemetic (anti-nausea medication) to alleviate nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickness or certain medical conditions. Its mechanism of action in this regard is not fully understood but may involve central nervous system effects.
Dry Mouth: One common side effect of pheniramine maleate is dry mouth. This occurs due to the medication's anticholinergic properties, which can reduce saliva production. Patients should stay hydrated and consider using sugar-free lozenges or gum to alleviate dry mouth symptoms.
Urinary Retention: Pheniramine maleate can cause urinary retention, particularly in men with prostate enlargement (benign prostatic hyperplasia). This side effect may lead to difficulty urinating or incomplete emptying of the bladder.
Blurred Vision: Some individuals may experience blurred vision or difficulty focusing while taking pheniramine maleate. This effect is usually temporary and resolves once the medication is discontinued.
Constipation: Pheniramine maleate's anticholinergic effects can slow down bowel motility and lead to constipation in some individuals. Maintaining adequate hydration and consuming fiber-rich foods can help alleviate this side effect.
Increased Heart Rate: In rare cases, pheniramine maleate may cause tachycardia (rapid heart rate), especially at higher doses or in susceptible individuals. Patients with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions should use pheniramine maleate cautiously and under medical supervision.
Interactions: Pheniramine maleate may interact with other medications, including central nervous system depressants, anticholinergic drugs, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Patients should inform their healthcare provider about all medications they are taking to avoid potential drug interactions.
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive β X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.