AI Engines For more Details: Perplexity Kagi Labs You
Intermittent Claudication: Cilostazol is indicated for the treatment of intermittent claudication, a symptom of peripheral artery disease (PAD) caused by reduced blood flow to the legs due to narrowing or blockage of the arteries. Intermittent claudication typically manifests as pain, cramping, or weakness in the calves, thighs, or buttocks during walking or other forms of exercise. Cilostazol works by inhibiting phosphodiesterase III (PDE3) in platelets and vascular smooth muscle cells, leading to vasodilation (widening of blood vessels) and inhibition of platelet aggregation, which improves blood flow and relieves symptoms of intermittent claudication.
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD): Cilostazol is effective in improving walking distance and reducing symptoms in individuals with PAD, a condition characterized by the narrowing or blockage of arteries outside the heart, most commonly in the legs. PAD is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events such as heart attack and stroke. Cilostazol helps alleviate symptoms of PAD by increasing blood flow to the affected limbs and improving exercise tolerance.
Platelet Aggregation Inhibition: Cilostazol inhibits platelet aggregation, or the clumping together of platelets in the blood, which is an important step in the formation of blood clots. By inhibiting phosphodiesterase III (PDE3) in platelets, cilostazol prevents platelets from becoming sticky and forming clots within blood vessels. This antiplatelet effect reduces the risk of thrombotic events such as heart attack, stroke, and peripheral arterial thrombosis in individuals with PAD or other cardiovascular conditions.
Revascularization Procedures: Cilostazol may be used in combination with other treatments such as exercise therapy, lifestyle modifications, and revascularization procedures (such as angioplasty or bypass surgery) to improve outcomes in individuals with PAD. By enhancing blood flow and reducing symptoms of intermittent claudication, cilostazol can help optimize the results of revascularization procedures and improve overall quality of life.
Prevention of Secondary Cardiovascular Events: Cilostazol has been shown to reduce the risk of secondary cardiovascular events, including heart attack, stroke, and cardiovascular-related hospitalizations, in individuals with PAD or a history of ischemic stroke. By improving blood flow and inhibiting platelet aggregation, cilostazol helps prevent the formation of blood clots and reduces the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events in high-risk patients.
Side Effects: Common side effects of cilostazol may include headache, diarrhea, dizziness, palpitations, tachycardia (rapid heart rate), edema (swelling), and abnormal liver function tests. These side effects are usually mild to moderate in severity and often resolve with continued use or dose adjustment. Cilostazol may also increase the risk of bleeding, so it should be used with caution in individuals with a history of bleeding disorders or those taking other medications that affect bleeding risk.
Contraindications: Cilostazol is contraindicated in individuals with heart failure of any severity, as it may exacerbate symptoms or increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular events. It should also be used with caution in individuals with severe renal impairment or liver disease, as well as those with a history of bleeding disorders or recent major surgery.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| genus | Bifidobacterium | Reduces |
| species | Akkermansia muciniphila | Reduces |
| species | Bacteroides uniformis | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium adolescentis | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium longum | Reduces |
| species | Escherichia coli | Reduces |
| species | Parabacteroides distasonis | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Acne | 0.6 | 0.9 | -0.5 |
| ADHD | 4.7 | 0.9 | 4.22 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 1.1 | 0.4 | 1.75 |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 3 | 2.3 | 0.3 |
| Allergies | 6.6 | 4.4 | 0.5 |
| Allergy to milk products | 1.8 | 1.6 | 0.13 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 6.1 | 6.7 | -0.1 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 3 | 0.7 | 3.29 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 3.8 | 1.3 | 1.92 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 1.6 | 2.7 | -0.69 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| Asthma | 5.2 | 2.6 | 1 |
| Atherosclerosis | 1.7 | 1.5 | 0.13 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 3.5 | 2.3 | 0.52 |
| Autism | 8.8 | 8.2 | 0.07 |
| Autoimmune Disease | 1.2 | 1 | 0.2 |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Biofilm | 1.3 | 1.3 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 2.4 | 1.7 | 0.41 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.9 | 1.4 | -0.56 |
| Breast Cancer | 0.8 | 0.3 | 1.67 |
| Cancer (General) | 0.9 | 2.4 | -1.67 |
| Carcinoma | 4.4 | 2.6 | 0.69 |
| Celiac Disease | 1.4 | 3.9 | -1.79 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 1.5 | 1.3 | 0.15 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 4.3 | 5.8 | -0.35 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 4.4 | 2.6 | 0.69 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.3 | 0.8 | -1.67 |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 1.5 | 0.6 | 1.5 |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 1.4 | 1.3 | 0.08 |
| Cognitive Function | 3.6 | 1.6 | 1.25 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 7.4 | 2.5 | 1.96 |
| Constipation | 1.5 | 1.4 | 0.07 |
| Coronary artery disease | 2 | 2.1 | -0.05 |
| COVID-19 | 9.2 | 10 | -0.09 |
| Crohn's Disease | 6.4 | 5.2 | 0.23 |
| Cushing's Syndrome (hypercortisolism) | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| cystic fibrosis | 0.7 | 1.8 | -1.57 |
| d-lactic acidosis (one form of brain fog) | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| deep vein thrombosis | 2.2 | 1.4 | 0.57 |
| Denture Wearers Oral Shifts | 1.3 | 1.3 | |
| Depression | 9.7 | 8.8 | 0.1 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Eczema | 1.8 | 1.7 | 0.06 |
| Endometriosis | 3 | 2.1 | 0.43 |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Epilepsy | 2.8 | 1.9 | 0.47 |
| erectile dysfunction | 1.6 | 0.3 | 4.33 |
| Fibromyalgia | 2.9 | 1.3 | 1.23 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 4.7 | 4 | 0.18 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 2.9 | 1.3 | 1.23 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.7 | 1.2 | -0.71 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 2.6 | 2.6 | 0 |
| giant cell arteritis | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Glioblastoma | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Gout | 2.2 | 0.9 | 1.44 |
| Graves' disease | 1.9 | 3.3 | -0.74 |
| Gulf War Syndrome | 0.9 | 1.2 | -0.33 |
| Halitosis | 1.2 | 0.3 | 3 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 3.5 | 1.9 | 0.84 |
| Heart Failure | 3.5 | 1.6 | 1.19 |
| hemorrhagic stroke | 1.3 | 1.3 | |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 1.4 | 0.3 | 3.67 |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 1.2 | 0.6 | 1 |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| hyperglycemia | 2.3 | 1.5 | 0.53 |
| Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 1 | 0.3 | 2.33 |
| hypersomnia | 0.7 | -0.7 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 4.9 | 5.6 | -0.14 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.1 | 1 | -9 |
| Hypoxia | 3 | 0.6 | 4 |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 1.9 | 3.9 | -1.05 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 7.1 | 8.2 | -0.15 |
| Insomnia | 2.5 | 2.8 | -0.12 |
| Intelligence | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 1.4 | 0.9 | 0.56 |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 7.2 | 4.5 | 0.6 |
| ischemic stroke | 2.9 | 1.7 | 0.71 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 7.5 | 4.8 | 0.56 |
| Long COVID | 5.8 | 8.3 | -0.43 |
| Low bone mineral density | 1.1 | -1.1 | |
| Lung Cancer | 1.5 | 1.3 | 0.15 |
| Lymphoma | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0 |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.7 | 2.1 | -2 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 1.5 | 2 | -0.33 |
| membranous nephropathy | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Menopause | 2 | 0.7 | 1.86 |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 7.8 | 7.1 | 0.1 |
| Mood Disorders | 10.1 | 7.3 | 0.38 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 1.1 | 0.1 | 10 |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 7 | 5 | 0.4 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 1.4 | 0.7 | 1 |
| myasthenia gravis | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.29 |
| neuropathic pain | 0.3 | 3.2 | -9.67 |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.8 | 2.8 | -2.5 |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 5.2 | 4.7 | 0.11 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 1.6 | 0.6 | 1.67 |
| Obesity | 11.2 | 7.4 | 0.51 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 4.1 | 3.7 | 0.11 |
| Osteoarthritis | 1.8 | 1.3 | 0.38 |
| Osteoporosis | 2.5 | 1.6 | 0.56 |
| pancreatic cancer | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Parkinson's Disease | 8 | 5.3 | 0.51 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 5.3 | 3 | 0.77 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.2 | 0.6 | -2 |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.75 |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.09 |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 2.8 | 2.3 | 0.22 |
| Psoriasis | 3.2 | 2.4 | 0.33 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 7.7 | 3.7 | 1.08 |
| Rosacea | 1.2 | 1 | 0.2 |
| Schizophrenia | 6.5 | 3.2 | 1.03 |
| scoliosis | 0.4 | 1.1 | -1.75 |
| Sjögren syndrome | 2.9 | 2.5 | 0.16 |
| Sleep Apnea | 2.2 | 1.8 | 0.22 |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 1 | 0.3 | 2.33 |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 1.8 | 0.6 | 2 |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 2.9 | 3 | -0.03 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 3.9 | 1.9 | 1.05 |
| Tic Disorder | 0.9 | 1.4 | -0.56 |
| Tourette syndrome | 1 | 0.3 | 2.33 |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 4.4 | 3.7 | 0.19 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 7.4 | 6.5 | 0.14 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 4.6 | 5.6 | -0.22 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 3.9 | 2.1 | 0.86 |
| Vitiligo | 2 | 1.3 | 0.54 |
