AI Engines For more Details: Perplexity Kagi Labs You
Anticonvulsant Properties: Dimethadione works by suppressing abnormal electrical activity in the brain, making it effective in preventing seizures. It is thought to exert its anticonvulsant effects by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels and inhibiting the spread of epileptic discharges.
Epilepsy Treatment: Dimethadione was primarily used in the treatment of epilepsy, including generalized tonic-clonic seizures, partial seizures, and absence seizures (petit mal seizures). It was often prescribed when other anticonvulsant medications were ineffective or poorly tolerated.
Discontinuation: Dimethadione has largely been discontinued due to concerns about its safety and tolerability compared to newer anticonvulsant medications. It is no longer recommended as a first-line treatment for epilepsy, and alternative medications with better safety profiles are preferred.
Side Effects: Dimethadione is associated with a range of side effects, including dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and gastrointestinal disturbances. It can also cause more serious adverse effects such as liver toxicity, hematologic abnormalities (including aplastic anemia and leukopenia), and skin reactions (such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome).
Hepatotoxicity: One of the most significant concerns associated with dimethadione use is hepatotoxicity, or liver damage. Cases of severe hepatotoxicity, including liver failure and death, have been reported with the use of dimethadione, particularly in children. As a result, regular liver function tests were required during treatment with dimethadione to monitor for signs of liver damage.
Drug Interactions: Dimethadione may interact with other medications, including other anticonvulsants and drugs metabolized by the liver. Careful monitoring and adjustment of dosage may be necessary when dimethadione is used in combination with other medications to minimize the risk of adverse effects and drug interactions.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| genus | Bifidobacterium | Reduces |
| species | Akkermansia muciniphila | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium adolescentis | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium longum | Reduces |
| species | Escherichia coli | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Acne | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| ADHD | 2.1 | 0.3 | 6 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 2.4 | 1.3 | 0.85 |
| Allergies | 3.2 | 1.6 | 1 |
| Allergy to milk products | 1.3 | 1.2 | 0.08 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 1 | 1 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 3.2 | 3.5 | -0.09 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 1.6 | 0.5 | 2.2 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 2.9 | 0.6 | 3.83 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 1.2 | 1.8 | -0.5 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.67 |
| Asthma | 3.3 | 2.1 | 0.57 |
| Atherosclerosis | 1.3 | 0.8 | 0.63 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 2.2 | 1.5 | 0.47 |
| Autism | 4.5 | 4.7 | -0.04 |
| Autoimmune Disease | 1.2 | 1 | 0.2 |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Biofilm | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 2 | 1.4 | 0.43 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.9 | 1.4 | -0.56 |
| Breast Cancer | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Cancer (General) | 0.3 | 1.2 | -3 |
| Carcinoma | 3.3 | 1.9 | 0.74 |
| Celiac Disease | 1.1 | 2.5 | -1.27 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 1.4 | 1.3 | 0.08 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 2.6 | 2.7 | -0.04 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 2.5 | 1.2 | 1.08 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.8 | -0.8 | |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 0.8 | 1.1 | -0.38 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 1.5 | 0.1 | 14 |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 1 | 1.3 | -0.3 |
| Cognitive Function | 2.4 | 1.3 | 0.85 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 3.8 | 2 | 0.9 |
| Constipation | 1.3 | 0.7 | 0.86 |
| Coronary artery disease | 1.6 | 1.3 | 0.23 |
| COVID-19 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 0 |
| Crohn's Disease | 4.6 | 2.6 | 0.77 |
| Cushing's Syndrome (hypercortisolism) | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| cystic fibrosis | 0.7 | 1.5 | -1.14 |
| d-lactic acidosis (one form of brain fog) | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| deep vein thrombosis | 0.8 | 1.4 | -0.75 |
| Denture Wearers Oral Shifts | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Depression | 5.9 | 5.3 | 0.11 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Eczema | 1.4 | 1.1 | 0.27 |
| Endometriosis | 2.3 | 1.3 | 0.77 |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| Epilepsy | 2.1 | 0.8 | 1.63 |
| erectile dysfunction | 1.1 | 0.3 | 2.67 |
| Fibromyalgia | 2 | 0.8 | 1.5 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 2.6 | 2 | 0.3 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 2.2 | 0.9 | 1.44 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.4 | 0.7 | -0.75 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 1.8 | 1.4 | 0.29 |
| giant cell arteritis | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Glioblastoma | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Gout | 1.3 | 0.2 | 5.5 |
| Graves' disease | 1.5 | 3 | -1 |
| Gulf War Syndrome | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| Halitosis | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 2.5 | 0.9 | 1.78 |
| Heart Failure | 1.8 | 1.3 | 0.38 |
| hemorrhagic stroke | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.5 |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 |
| hyperglycemia | 1.7 | 0.8 | 1.13 |
| Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| hypersomnia | 0.7 | -0.7 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 2.9 | 3 | -0.03 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0 | 0.7 | 0 |
| Hypoxia | 2.1 | 0.3 | 6 |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 1.2 | 1.7 | -0.42 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 3.3 | 4 | -0.21 |
| Insomnia | 1.6 | 2 | -0.25 |
| Intelligence | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 4.4 | 2.8 | 0.57 |
| ischemic stroke | 2 | 1.4 | 0.43 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 4.8 | 3.9 | 0.23 |
| Long COVID | 2.8 | 4 | -0.43 |
| Low bone mineral density | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Lung Cancer | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0 |
| Lymphoma | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.5 |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.5 | 1.1 | -1.2 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 1 | 1.3 | -0.3 |
| membranous nephropathy | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Menopause | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.5 |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 4.7 | 4.6 | 0.02 |
| Mood Disorders | 5.5 | 4.1 | 0.34 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0.7 | 0.1 | 6 |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 3.9 | 2.2 | 0.77 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0.4 | 0.7 | -0.75 |
| myasthenia gravis | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.29 |
| neuropathic pain | 0.3 | 1.5 | -4 |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.8 | 1.1 | -0.38 |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 3.4 | 2.7 | 0.26 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 1.4 | 0.6 | 1.33 |
| Obesity | 5.8 | 4.8 | 0.21 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 2.2 | 1.7 | 0.29 |
| Osteoarthritis | 1.5 | 1.2 | 0.25 |
| Osteoporosis | 2.5 | 1.4 | 0.79 |
| pancreatic cancer | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Parkinson's Disease | 4.6 | 3.6 | 0.28 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 3.2 | 2.5 | 0.28 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.5 |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.5 |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 1.4 | 1 | 0.4 |
| Psoriasis | 2 | 0.9 | 1.22 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 4.6 | 2.6 | 0.77 |
| Rosacea | 0.6 | 0.7 | -0.17 |
| Schizophrenia | 3.6 | 2.1 | 0.71 |
| scoliosis | 0.1 | 0.6 | -5 |
| Sjögren syndrome | 1.6 | 1.6 | 0 |
| Sleep Apnea | 1.3 | 1.6 | -0.23 |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 1 | 0.3 | 2.33 |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 1.2 | 0.3 | 3 |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 2.1 | 1.7 | 0.24 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 2.4 | 1.3 | 0.85 |
| Tic Disorder | 0.7 | 1.2 | -0.71 |
| Tourette syndrome | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 2.6 | 2.9 | -0.12 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 4.8 | 3.9 | 0.23 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 2.9 | 2.4 | 0.21 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 2.1 | 0.9 | 1.33 |
| Vitiligo | 1.2 | 0.5 | 1.4 |
