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Lowering Intraocular Pressure (IOP): Levobunolol hydrochloride works by reducing the production of aqueous humor in the eye, thereby decreasing intraocular pressure. Elevated IOP is a major risk factor for glaucoma, a condition characterized by optic nerve damage, and levobunolol helps to manage this condition by lowering IOP.
Treatment of Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension: Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that can lead to irreversible vision loss if left untreated. Ocular hypertension refers to elevated intraocular pressure without optic nerve damage. Levobunolol hydrochloride is indicated for the treatment of both conditions to prevent or slow down the progression of vision loss.
Topical Ophthalmic Administration: Levobunolol hydrochloride is typically administered as eye drops. The recommended dosage and frequency of administration may vary depending on the severity of the condition and individual patient response. It is usually instilled into the affected eye(s) once or twice daily.
Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Antagonist Action: Levobunolol hydrochloride selectively blocks beta-adrenergic receptors in the eye, particularly the beta-1 receptors located in the ciliary body responsible for aqueous humor production. By inhibiting these receptors, levobunolol reduces the formation of aqueous humor, leading to a decrease in intraocular pressure.
Systemic Absorption and Adverse Effects: While levobunolol is primarily applied topically to the eye, systemic absorption can occur, leading to potential side effects similar to those of other beta-blockers. These may include bradycardia (slow heart rate), hypotension (low blood pressure), bronchospasm (particularly in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), and central nervous system effects such as dizziness or fatigue.
Contraindications and Precautions: Levobunolol hydrochloride is contraindicated in patients with bronchial asthma, severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sinus bradycardia, second- or third-degree atrioventricular block, cardiogenic shock, or overt cardiac failure. Caution should be exercised when prescribing levobunolol to patients with underlying cardiovascular diseases, hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus, and pheochromocytoma.
Regular Monitoring: Patients using levobunolol hydrochloride should undergo regular ophthalmic examinations to assess intraocular pressure, visual field changes, and optic nerve status. Additionally, systemic monitoring of cardiovascular parameters may be necessary in certain patients, particularly those with known cardiac comorbidities.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| genus | Bifidobacterium | Reduces |
| species | Akkermansia muciniphila | Reduces |
| species | Bacteroides uniformis | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium adolescentis | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium longum | Reduces |
| species | Escherichia coli | Reduces |
| species | Parabacteroides distasonis | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Acne | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| ADHD | 4.4 | 0.6 | 6.33 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 1.1 | 0.4 | 1.75 |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 2.8 | 2.5 | 0.12 |
| Allergies | 6.4 | 3.3 | 0.94 |
| Allergy to milk products | 2.4 | 1.6 | 0.5 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 5.8 | 6 | -0.03 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 3 | 1.3 | 1.31 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 3.7 | 0.9 | 3.11 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 1.6 | 2.5 | -0.56 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| Asthma | 5 | 3.2 | 0.56 |
| Atherosclerosis | 2 | 1.5 | 0.33 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 3.3 | 2.1 | 0.57 |
| Autism | 8.6 | 8.3 | 0.04 |
| Autoimmune Disease | 1.2 | 1 | 0.2 |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Biofilm | 1.4 | 1.4 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 2.4 | 1.7 | 0.41 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.9 | 1.4 | -0.56 |
| Breast Cancer | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Cancer (General) | 0.9 | 2.6 | -1.89 |
| Carcinoma | 4.6 | 2.6 | 0.77 |
| Celiac Disease | 2.1 | 3.6 | -0.71 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 1.6 | 1.3 | 0.23 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 4.5 | 6.1 | -0.36 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 3.9 | 2 | 0.95 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.4 | 0.8 | -1 |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 1.7 | 1.7 | 0 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 1.8 | 0.7 | 1.57 |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 1.7 | 1.3 | 0.31 |
| Cognitive Function | 2.5 | 1.6 | 0.56 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 6.5 | 2.6 | 1.5 |
| Constipation | 1.5 | 0.7 | 1.14 |
| Coronary artery disease | 2.2 | 2.2 | 0 |
| COVID-19 | 10.3 | 9.5 | 0.08 |
| Crohn's Disease | 7.4 | 4.9 | 0.51 |
| Cushing's Syndrome (hypercortisolism) | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| cystic fibrosis | 1 | 1.9 | -0.9 |
| d-lactic acidosis (one form of brain fog) | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| deep vein thrombosis | 2 | 1.4 | 0.43 |
| Denture Wearers Oral Shifts | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
| Depression | 9.9 | 8.9 | 0.11 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Eczema | 1.7 | 1.6 | 0.06 |
| Endometriosis | 3.3 | 2.1 | 0.57 |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Epilepsy | 3.6 | 2.5 | 0.44 |
| erectile dysfunction | 1.4 | 0.3 | 3.67 |
| Fibromyalgia | 3.7 | 1.2 | 2.08 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 4.8 | 3.4 | 0.41 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 3.1 | 1.4 | 1.21 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 1.4 | 0.9 | 0.56 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 2.9 | 2.1 | 0.38 |
| giant cell arteritis | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Glioblastoma | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Gout | 1.8 | 0.8 | 1.25 |
| Graves' disease | 1.9 | 3.3 | -0.74 |
| Gulf War Syndrome | 0.9 | 1.3 | -0.44 |
| Halitosis | 1.5 | 0.3 | 4 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 3.3 | 1.3 | 1.54 |
| Heart Failure | 3.6 | 1.7 | 1.12 |
| hemorrhagic stroke | 1.3 | 1.3 | |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 1.2 | 0.3 | 3 |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 1.7 | 0.6 | 1.83 |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.5 |
| hyperglycemia | 2.3 | 2 | 0.15 |
| Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 1.2 | 0.3 | 3 |
| hypersomnia | 0.7 | -0.7 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 4.7 | 4.8 | -0.02 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.3 | 1 | -2.33 |
| Hypoxia | 3.7 | 0.3 | 11.33 |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 1.9 | 2.5 | -0.32 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 8.2 | 8.6 | -0.05 |
| Insomnia | 1.9 | 3 | -0.58 |
| Intelligence | 1.3 | 1.3 | |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 1.4 | 0.6 | 1.33 |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 7.2 | 5 | 0.44 |
| ischemic stroke | 2.9 | 1.7 | 0.71 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 7.8 | 5.5 | 0.42 |
| Long COVID | 5.9 | 7.3 | -0.24 |
| Low bone mineral density | 0.8 | -0.8 | |
| Lung Cancer | 1.4 | 1.6 | -0.14 |
| Lymphoma | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.33 |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.5 | 2.1 | -3.2 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 1.5 | 2 | -0.33 |
| membranous nephropathy | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Menopause | 1.8 | 0.8 | 1.25 |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 8 | 7.9 | 0.01 |
| Mood Disorders | 10.3 | 7.5 | 0.37 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0.9 | 0.1 | 8 |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 7.4 | 4.5 | 0.64 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 1.5 | 0.7 | 1.14 |
| myasthenia gravis | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.29 |
| neuropathic pain | 0.3 | 3 | -9 |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 1 | 2 | -1 |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 1 | 1 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 5.4 | 4.8 | 0.13 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 1.9 | 0.6 | 2.17 |
| Obesity | 10.3 | 7.6 | 0.36 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 4.8 | 3.2 | 0.5 |
| Osteoarthritis | 2.3 | 1.5 | 0.53 |
| Osteoporosis | 2.5 | 1.9 | 0.32 |
| pancreatic cancer | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| Parkinson's Disease | 8.4 | 5.4 | 0.56 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 5.9 | 3.4 | 0.74 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.2 | 0.6 | -2 |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.75 |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.09 |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 2.5 | 2.2 | 0.14 |
| Psoriasis | 3.6 | 2.5 | 0.44 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 7.3 | 3.8 | 0.92 |
| Rosacea | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.14 |
| Schizophrenia | 6.8 | 3.1 | 1.19 |
| scoliosis | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.17 |
| Sjögren syndrome | 2.6 | 2.7 | -0.04 |
| Sleep Apnea | 1.9 | 1.8 | 0.06 |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 1.3 | 0.3 | 3.33 |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 2.1 | 0.5 | 3.2 |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 3.3 | 3.4 | -0.03 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 3.8 | 1.6 | 1.37 |
| Tic Disorder | 1.2 | 1.2 | 0 |
| Tourette syndrome | 1.2 | 0.3 | 3 |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 4.2 | 3.7 | 0.14 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 8.1 | 6.7 | 0.21 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 5.6 | 5.9 | -0.05 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 4 | 2.3 | 0.74 |
| Vitiligo | 1.8 | 1.5 | 0.2 |
