AI Engines For more Details: Perplexity Kagi Labs You
Depression: Pirlindole mesylate is indicated for the treatment of depression, including major depressive disorder (MDD). It works by inhibiting the enzyme monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), which increases the levels of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine in the brain. By enhancing neurotransmitter activity, pirlindole mesylate helps alleviate depressive symptoms such as low mood, loss of interest or pleasure, fatigue, changes in appetite, and sleep disturbances.
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibition: As a reversible inhibitor of MAO-A, pirlindole mesylate selectively and reversibly blocks the breakdown of monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain. This mechanism of action differs from that of traditional monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), which irreversibly inhibit MAO enzymes and require dietary restrictions due to the risk of tyramine-induced hypertensive crisis.
Symptom Improvement: Pirlindole mesylate treatment has been shown to lead to improvements in mood, energy levels, motivation, concentration, and overall functioning in individuals with depression. It may also help reduce feelings of anxiety and agitation associated with depressive disorders.
Onset of Action: Pirlindole mesylate typically exhibits a relatively rapid onset of action compared to some other antidepressant medications. Some patients may experience symptom relief within a few weeks of starting treatment, although full therapeutic effects may take several weeks to manifest.
Side Effects: Common side effects associated with pirlindole mesylate therapy may include dizziness, drowsiness, headache, nausea, dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, and sexual dysfunction. Most side effects are mild to moderate in severity and tend to improve over time. However, individuals experiencing severe or persistent side effects should consult their healthcare provider.
Cardiovascular Effects: Pirlindole mesylate has a favorable side effect profile in terms of cardiovascular safety compared to older MAOIs. It generally does not significantly affect blood pressure or heart rate and is less likely to cause orthostatic hypotension or hypertensive crises associated with dietary tyramine intake.
Liver Function Monitoring: Patients taking pirlindole mesylate should undergo periodic monitoring of liver function tests, as rare cases of liver toxicity have been reported with its use. If signs of liver dysfunction such as jaundice, abdominal pain, or unexplained fatigue occur, medical attention should be sought promptly.
Contraindications: Pirlindole mesylate is contraindicated in individuals with a history of hypersensitivity to the drug, severe liver impairment, pheochromocytoma, and concurrent use of other MAOIs or certain medications metabolized by MAO enzymes. It should not be used concomitantly with serotonergic agents due to the risk of serotonin syndrome.
Drug Interactions: Pirlindole mesylate may interact with other medications, including antidepressants, sympathomimetic agents, antihypertensive drugs, and certain herbal supplements. Healthcare providers should review the patient's medication regimen carefully to avoid potential drug interactions.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| species | Akkermansia muciniphila | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| ADHD | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.5 |
| Allergies | 1.5 | 1.8 | -0.2 |
| Allergy to milk products | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 1.6 | 2.5 | -0.56 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 1.6 | 0.9 | 0.78 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 1.3 | 0.6 | 1.17 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0.4 | 1 | -1.5 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Asthma | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0 |
| Atherosclerosis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1.3 | 1.5 | -0.15 |
| Autism | 3.2 | 3.8 | -0.19 |
| Biofilm | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Carcinoma | 1 | 0.4 | 1.5 |
| Celiac Disease | 1.3 | -1.3 | |
| Cerebral Palsy | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 1.4 | 2.7 | -0.93 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 0.5 | 1.7 | -2.4 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 1.2 | -1.2 | |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| Cognitive Function | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Colorectal Cancer | 1.6 | 0.3 | 4.33 |
| Constipation | 0.6 | 0.1 | 5 |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.6 | 1 | -0.67 |
| COVID-19 | 2.1 | 4.3 | -1.05 |
| Crohn's Disease | 1.6 | 2.9 | -0.81 |
| cystic fibrosis | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| deep vein thrombosis | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Depression | 3.1 | 3.8 | -0.23 |
| Eczema | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Endometriosis | 0.4 | 0.9 | -1.25 |
| Epilepsy | 0.4 | 1 | -1.5 |
| Fibromyalgia | 0.4 | 1.1 | -1.75 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 0.9 | 1.3 | -0.44 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.67 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.7 | -0.7 | |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 1 | 0.6 | 0.67 |
| Gout | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| Graves' disease | 0.3 | 0.7 | -1.33 |
| Gulf War Syndrome | 0.4 | 0.8 | -1 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 0.7 | 0.9 | -0.29 |
| Heart Failure | 1.3 | 1.3 | 0 |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| hyperglycemia | 0.6 | 1 | -0.67 |
| Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| hypersomnia | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 1.6 | 1.8 | -0.13 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.3 | 0.7 | -1.33 |
| Hypoxia | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 0.6 | 1.2 | -1 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 1.1 | 4.4 | -3 |
| Insomnia | 0.4 | 1.8 | -3.5 |
| Intelligence | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 1.3 | 1.7 | -0.31 |
| ischemic stroke | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 1.9 | 2.3 | -0.21 |
| Long COVID | 2 | 2.8 | -0.4 |
| Low bone mineral density | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| Lung Cancer | 0.3 | 1 | -2.33 |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.2 | 0.9 | -3.5 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Menopause | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 2.2 | 1.8 | 0.22 |
| Mood Disorders | 3.6 | 3.5 | 0.03 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 2.2 | 2.4 | -0.09 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0.8 | 0.4 | 1 |
| neuropathic pain | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 1.3 | 2.8 | -1.15 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 1 | 1 | |
| Obesity | 3.4 | 2.8 | 0.21 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 0.8 | 1.9 | -1.37 |
| Osteoarthritis | 0.2 | 0.6 | -2 |
| Osteoporosis | 0.6 | 0.7 | -0.17 |
| Parkinson's Disease | 2.8 | 2.5 | 0.12 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 1.2 | 1 | 0.2 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 1.2 | -1.2 | |
| Psoriasis | 0.7 | 2.1 | -2 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 2.6 | 1 | 1.6 |
| Rosacea | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Schizophrenia | 2.1 | 1.3 | 0.62 |
| scoliosis | 0.3 | 1.1 | -2.67 |
| Sjögren syndrome | 0.8 | 0.4 | 1 |
| Sleep Apnea | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 0.3 | 1.2 | -3 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 1 | 0.7 | 0.43 |
| Tic Disorder | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Tourette syndrome | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 1.6 | 0.6 | 1.67 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 2.1 | 1.6 | 0.31 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 0.4 | 2.5 | -5.25 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 1.3 | 1.2 | 0.08 |
| Vitiligo | 0.6 | 0.8 | -0.33 |
