AI Engines For more Details: Perplexity Kagi Labs You
Antihypertensive Effects: Hexamethonium dibromide dihydrate acts as a ganglionic blocker, meaning it inhibits the transmission of nerve impulses in autonomic ganglia. By blocking nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in ganglia, it interferes with sympathetic nervous system activity, resulting in vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure. This mechanism of action was previously utilized for the treatment of hypertension.
Side Effects: Despite its antihypertensive effects, hexamethonium dibromide dihydrate is associated with significant side effects, including postural hypotension (a sudden drop in blood pressure upon standing), gastrointestinal disturbances, dry mouth, urinary retention, blurred vision, and impaired sweating. These side effects limit its clinical utility and contribute to its decreased use.
Limited Clinical Use: Due to the development of safer and more effective antihypertensive medications, hexamethonium dibromide dihydrate is rarely used in clinical practice today. Its adverse effects and the availability of alternative treatments with better tolerability profiles have led to its replacement by other antihypertensive drugs.
Research Tool: Despite its limited clinical use, hexamethonium dibromide dihydrate remains valuable as a research tool in pharmacology and physiology. Its ability to selectively block nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in autonomic ganglia has been utilized to study the role of the autonomic nervous system in various physiological processes.
Neuromuscular Effects: Hexamethonium dibromide dihydrate can also affect neuromuscular transmission by blocking nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction. This may lead to muscle weakness, fatigue, and paralysis, particularly in high doses or with prolonged use.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| genus | Bifidobacterium | Reduces |
| species | Akkermansia muciniphila | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium adolescentis | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium longum | Reduces |
| species | Escherichia coli | Reduces |
| species | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
| Acne | 0.3 | 0.8 | -1.67 |
| ADHD | 4 | 0.6 | 5.67 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 2.4 | 2 | 0.2 |
| Allergies | 5.2 | 3.6 | 0.44 |
| Allergy to milk products | 1.7 | 1.2 | 0.42 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 1 | 1 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 5.3 | 6.3 | -0.19 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 2.6 | 1 | 1.6 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 3.6 | 1.2 | 2 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 1.2 | 2.6 | -1.17 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 1.7 | 0.3 | 4.67 |
| Asthma | 5.1 | 2.3 | 1.22 |
| Atherosclerosis | 1.9 | 1.6 | 0.19 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 2.7 | 1.5 | 0.8 |
| Autism | 7.5 | 7.1 | 0.06 |
| Autoimmune Disease | 1.2 | 1 | 0.2 |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Biofilm | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 2 | 1.4 | 0.43 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.9 | 1.4 | -0.56 |
| Breast Cancer | 0.8 | 0.3 | 1.67 |
| Cancer (General) | 0.9 | 2.2 | -1.44 |
| Carcinoma | 4.3 | 2.2 | 0.95 |
| Celiac Disease | 2.3 | 3.3 | -0.43 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 1.4 | 1.3 | 0.08 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 4.7 | 3.7 | 0.27 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 3.8 | 2.1 | 0.81 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.3 | 0.8 | -1.67 |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 1.5 | 1.7 | -0.13 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 1.8 | 0.2 | 8 |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 1.4 | 1.3 | 0.08 |
| Cognitive Function | 2.7 | 1.6 | 0.69 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 7.1 | 3.1 | 1.29 |
| Constipation | 1.8 | 0.9 | 1 |
| Coronary artery disease | 2.2 | 1.6 | 0.38 |
| COVID-19 | 7.7 | 8.2 | -0.06 |
| Crohn's Disease | 5.9 | 4.2 | 0.4 |
| Cushing's Syndrome (hypercortisolism) | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| cystic fibrosis | 1.1 | 1.6 | -0.45 |
| d-lactic acidosis (one form of brain fog) | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| deep vein thrombosis | 2.2 | 1.4 | 0.57 |
| Denture Wearers Oral Shifts | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Depression | 9 | 6.8 | 0.32 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Eczema | 1.7 | 1.7 | 0 |
| Endometriosis | 2.6 | 2.2 | 0.18 |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Epilepsy | 3.1 | 1 | 2.1 |
| erectile dysfunction | 1.4 | 0.3 | 3.67 |
| Fibromyalgia | 2 | 0.8 | 1.5 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 4.8 | 2.9 | 0.66 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 2.6 | 1.2 | 1.17 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 1 | 0.7 | 0.43 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 2.4 | 2.2 | 0.09 |
| giant cell arteritis | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Glioblastoma | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Gout | 2.4 | 0.9 | 1.67 |
| Graves' disease | 1.5 | 3 | -1 |
| Gulf War Syndrome | 0.6 | 1.2 | -1 |
| Halitosis | 1.2 | 0.3 | 3 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 3.4 | 1.8 | 0.89 |
| Heart Failure | 3.1 | 1.4 | 1.21 |
| hemorrhagic stroke | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 1.4 | 0.3 | 3.67 |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 1.6 | 0.6 | 1.67 |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 1 | 0.2 | 4 |
| hyperglycemia | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 1 | 0.3 | 2.33 |
| hypersomnia | 0.7 | -0.7 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 3.9 | 4.9 | -0.26 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.1 | 0.7 | -6 |
| Hypoxia | 2.9 | 0.3 | 8.67 |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 1.5 | 3.4 | -1.27 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 6.6 | 6.4 | 0.03 |
| Insomnia | 1.9 | 2.7 | -0.42 |
| Intelligence | 1 | 1 | |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 1 | 0.6 | 0.67 |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 6.5 | 4 | 0.63 |
| ischemic stroke | 2.6 | 1.7 | 0.53 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 6.2 | 4.7 | 0.32 |
| Long COVID | 5.6 | 6.4 | -0.14 |
| Low bone mineral density | 0.8 | -0.8 | |
| Lung Cancer | 1.5 | 1.2 | 0.25 |
| Lymphoma | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 1 | 0.6 | 0.67 |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.9 | 1.3 | -0.44 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 1.3 | 1.8 | -0.38 |
| membranous nephropathy | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Menopause | 1.7 | 0.6 | 1.83 |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 6.5 | 5.9 | 0.1 |
| Mood Disorders | 8.4 | 5.1 | 0.65 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0.7 | 0.1 | 6 |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 5.6 | 3.7 | 0.51 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0 |
| myasthenia gravis | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.29 |
| neuropathic pain | 0.3 | 2 | -5.67 |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.8 | 1.4 | -0.75 |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 5.2 | 3.3 | 0.58 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 1.5 | 0.6 | 1.5 |
| Obesity | 8.7 | 6 | 0.45 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 3.7 | 2.9 | 0.28 |
| Osteoarthritis | 1.5 | 1.3 | 0.15 |
| Osteoporosis | 3.1 | 1.8 | 0.72 |
| pancreatic cancer | 1.8 | 0.6 | 2 |
| Parkinson's Disease | 6.1 | 4.8 | 0.27 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 3.5 | 2.9 | 0.21 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.5 |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.09 |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 1.7 | 0.7 | 1.43 |
| Psoriasis | 2.9 | 1.1 | 1.64 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 5.8 | 3.2 | 0.81 |
| Rosacea | 1.1 | 1 | 0.1 |
| Schizophrenia | 5.7 | 2.4 | 1.38 |
| scoliosis | 0.5 | 1.2 | -1.4 |
| Sjögren syndrome | 1.8 | 1.9 | -0.06 |
| Sleep Apnea | 1.9 | 1.6 | 0.19 |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 1.4 | 0.3 | 3.67 |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 1.8 | 0.5 | 2.6 |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 2.8 | 2.1 | 0.33 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 2.9 | 1.8 | 0.61 |
| Tic Disorder | 1.2 | 1.2 | 0 |
| Tourette syndrome | 1 | 0.3 | 2.33 |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 4 | 3.7 | 0.08 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 7.1 | 5.7 | 0.25 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 4.4 | 4.6 | -0.05 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 4 | 1.3 | 2.08 |
| Vitiligo | 1.5 | 0.6 | 1.5 |
