AI Engines For more Details: Perplexity Kagi Labs You
Anthelmintic Activity: Closantel belongs to the chemical class of salicylanilides and works by disrupting the energy metabolism of parasitic worms (nematodes) and flukes (trematodes). It interferes with mitochondrial respiration, leading to paralysis and death of the parasites. Closantel is effective against a wide range of gastrointestinal nematodes, including Haemonchus, Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, and Cooperia species, as well as liver flukes such as Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica.
Livestock Parasitic Infections: Closantel is used in the treatment and control of parasitic infections in various livestock species, including cattle, sheep, goats, and swine. It is particularly effective against liver flukes, which can cause significant economic losses in livestock production due to liver damage, reduced productivity, and mortality. Closantel is administered orally or via subcutaneous injection to affected animals at therapeutic doses based on body weight and the severity of the infection.
Dosage and Administration: The dosage and administration of closantel in livestock depend on factors such as the species of animal being treated, the type of parasitic infection, and the severity of infestation. Closantel formulations for veterinary use are available as oral drenches, oral solutions, boluses, or injectable solutions. Treatment regimens may vary, but a single dose of closantel is typically sufficient to achieve therapeutic efficacy against susceptible parasites.
Withdrawal Periods: In food-producing animals, closantel is subject to withdrawal periods, during which treated animals should not be slaughtered for human consumption or their milk used for human consumption. The withdrawal period varies depending on the formulation and route of administration of closantel, as well as regulatory requirements in different countries. Compliance with withdrawal periods is essential to ensure the safety of animal-derived food products for human consumption.
Potential Toxicity: Closantel is generally well-tolerated by livestock when used at therapeutic doses according to label instructions. However, overdosage or accidental ingestion of closantel by animals can lead to toxicity, manifested by symptoms such as central nervous system depression, weakness, ataxia, respiratory distress, and even death in severe cases. Closantel toxicity may also occur in cases of accidental human exposure, although such instances are rare due to the limited use of closantel in human medicine.
Environmental Impact: Closantel residues excreted by treated animals can persist in the environment and may have adverse effects on non-target organisms, particularly aquatic organisms and soil microbes. Proper disposal of closantel-contaminated materials and adherence to recommended application practices are important to minimize environmental contamination and ecological risks.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| genus | Bifidobacterium | Reduces |
| species | Akkermansia muciniphila | Reduces |
| species | Bacteroides uniformis | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium adolescentis | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium longum | Reduces |
| species | Escherichia coli | Reduces |
| species | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | Reduces |
| species | Parabacteroides distasonis | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
| Acne | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| ADHD | 5.1 | 0.6 | 7.5 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 1.1 | 0.4 | 1.75 |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 3.4 | 3 | 0.13 |
| Allergies | 7.1 | 3.3 | 1.15 |
| Allergy to milk products | 2.1 | 1.6 | 0.31 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 1.6 | 1.6 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 6.5 | 8.3 | -0.28 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 3.4 | 1 | 2.4 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 4.9 | 1.8 | 1.72 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 1.6 | 3.2 | -1 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 2.1 | 0.3 | 6 |
| Asthma | 6.5 | 2.4 | 1.71 |
| Atherosclerosis | 2.7 | 2 | 0.35 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 4.1 | 3.1 | 0.32 |
| Autism | 10.9 | 10.9 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Disease | 1.2 | 1 | 0.2 |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Biofilm | 3 | 3 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 2.4 | 1.7 | 0.41 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.9 | 1.4 | -0.56 |
| Breast Cancer | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
| Cancer (General) | 0.9 | 3.4 | -2.78 |
| Carcinoma | 4.9 | 2.6 | 0.88 |
| Celiac Disease | 3.6 | 3.8 | -0.06 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 1.4 | 1.3 | 0.08 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 6.6 | 7.7 | -0.17 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 5.2 | 2.9 | 0.79 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.6 | 0.8 | -0.33 |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 3 | 2 | 0.5 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 2 | 1.3 | 0.54 |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 1.9 | 1.3 | 0.46 |
| Cognitive Function | 3.1 | 1.6 | 0.94 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 8.5 | 2.8 | 2.04 |
| Constipation | 2.1 | 0.7 | 2 |
| Coronary artery disease | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| COVID-19 | 11.6 | 13.9 | -0.2 |
| Crohn's Disease | 9.9 | 5.9 | 0.68 |
| Cushing's Syndrome (hypercortisolism) | 0.9 | -0.9 | |
| cystic fibrosis | 1.2 | 1.9 | -0.58 |
| d-lactic acidosis (one form of brain fog) | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| deep vein thrombosis | 2.7 | 1.4 | 0.93 |
| Denture Wearers Oral Shifts | 2.1 | 2.1 | |
| Depression | 13.6 | 10.6 | 0.28 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Eczema | 2.3 | 2.6 | -0.13 |
| Endometriosis | 3.5 | 2.6 | 0.35 |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Epilepsy | 4 | 1.9 | 1.11 |
| erectile dysfunction | 1.4 | 0.3 | 3.67 |
| Fibromyalgia | 3.7 | 2.6 | 0.42 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 6.9 | 4.9 | 0.41 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 4.3 | 1.2 | 2.58 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 2.4 | 1.2 | 1 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 3.4 | 2 | 0.7 |
| giant cell arteritis | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Glioblastoma | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Gout | 2.1 | 0.5 | 3.2 |
| Graves' disease | 1.9 | 3.3 | -0.74 |
| Gulf War Syndrome | 0.9 | 1.6 | -0.78 |
| Halitosis | 1.8 | 0.3 | 5 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 4 | 1.8 | 1.22 |
| Heart Failure | 5.4 | 1.9 | 1.84 |
| hemorrhagic stroke | 1.3 | 1.3 | |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 1.4 | 0.3 | 3.67 |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 1.9 | 0.6 | 2.17 |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 1.1 | 0.1 | 10 |
| hyperglycemia | 3 | 1.3 | 1.31 |
| Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| hypersomnia | 0.7 | -0.7 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 4.8 | 6.4 | -0.33 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypoxia | 3.6 | 0.3 | 11 |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 1.9 | 5.5 | -1.89 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 10.5 | 11.1 | -0.06 |
| Insomnia | 2.5 | 2.5 | 0 |
| Intelligence | 2 | 0.6 | 2.33 |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 1.4 | 0.6 | 1.33 |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 9 | 5.4 | 0.67 |
| ischemic stroke | 3.2 | 1.7 | 0.88 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 8.7 | 5 | 0.74 |
| Long COVID | 8.3 | 8.8 | -0.06 |
| Low bone mineral density | 1.1 | -1.1 | |
| Lung Cancer | 1.5 | 1.1 | 0.36 |
| Lymphoma | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 1.5 | 0.9 | 0.67 |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 1.1 | 2.4 | -1.18 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 2 | 2.4 | -0.2 |
| membranous nephropathy | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Menopause | 2.1 | 0.6 | 2.5 |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 9 | 8.6 | 0.05 |
| Mood Disorders | 13 | 8.5 | 0.53 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 1.2 | 0.1 | 11 |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 8 | 7 | 0.14 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 1.3 | 0.7 | 0.86 |
| myasthenia gravis | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.29 |
| neuropathic pain | 0.3 | 3.2 | -9.67 |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.8 | 2.2 | -1.75 |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 6.5 | 4.9 | 0.33 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 1.4 | 0.6 | 1.33 |
| Obesity | 11.9 | 9.6 | 0.24 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 7 | 4.3 | 0.63 |
| Osteoarthritis | 3.3 | 1.2 | 1.75 |
| Osteoporosis | 2.5 | 1.4 | 0.79 |
| pancreatic cancer | 1.2 | 0.3 | 3 |
| Parkinson's Disease | 9.6 | 8.3 | 0.16 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 7.9 | 3.3 | 1.39 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.2 | 0.6 | -2 |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.75 |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 1.2 | 1.7 | -0.42 |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 3 | 3.2 | -0.07 |
| Psoriasis | 3.9 | 3.4 | 0.15 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 9.1 | 4.7 | 0.94 |
| Rosacea | 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.71 |
| Schizophrenia | 7.3 | 3.1 | 1.35 |
| scoliosis | 0.9 | 1.2 | -0.33 |
| Sjögren syndrome | 3.2 | 3.2 | 0 |
| Sleep Apnea | 2.2 | 1.8 | 0.22 |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 1.5 | 0.3 | 4 |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 2.2 | 0.6 | 2.67 |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 3.3 | 2.8 | 0.18 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 4.9 | 2.4 | 1.04 |
| Tic Disorder | 1.5 | 1.8 | -0.2 |
| Tourette syndrome | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 4.6 | 4.4 | 0.05 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 10 | 8 | 0.25 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 7 | 7.8 | -0.11 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 6.8 | 2.5 | 1.72 |
| Vitiligo | 2.5 | 1.6 | 0.56 |
