AI Engines For more Details: Perplexity Kagi Labs You
Topical Antimicrobial: Clioquinol has been historically used as a topical medication for the treatment of skin infections caused by bacteria and fungi, including dermatitis, eczema, impetigo, and fungal skin infections such as ringworm and athlete's foot. It exerts its antimicrobial effects by disrupting the cell membranes of microorganisms, leading to their destruction.
Otic Preparations: Clioquinol has also been used in otic (ear) preparations for the treatment of ear infections, particularly otitis externa (inflammation of the external ear canal) caused by bacteria or fungi. These preparations may be formulated as ear drops or ointments for topical application in the ear canal.
Gastrointestinal Conditions: In some cases, clioquinol has been used orally or rectally for the treatment of gastrointestinal infections caused by bacteria or parasites. It may be administered in combination with other antimicrobial agents to treat conditions such as bacterial gastroenteritis, amoebiasis, and giardiasis. However, due to safety concerns and the availability of alternative treatments, its use for gastrointestinal infections is limited.
Safety Concerns: Clioquinol has been associated with several safety concerns, including its potential to cause neurotoxicity and induce a serious neurological disorder known as subacute myelo-optic neuropathy (SMON). SMON is characterized by symptoms such as sensory disturbances, weakness, visual impairment, and neurological dysfunction. As a result of these safety concerns, the use of clioquinol has been restricted or discontinued in many countries.
Regulatory Actions: In the 1970s and 1980s, several countries, including Japan and the United States, imposed regulatory restrictions or bans on the use of clioquinol-containing medications due to reports of SMON cases associated with its use. In Japan, the withdrawal of clioquinol-containing medications from the market led to a significant decline in the incidence of SMON. In the United States, clioquinol-containing medications were voluntarily withdrawn by manufacturers.
Alternative Treatments: Due to the safety concerns surrounding clioquinol, alternative antimicrobial agents with a better safety profile are commonly used for the treatment of skin infections, ear infections, and gastrointestinal infections. These alternative agents may include topical antibiotics, antifungal medications, and oral antibiotics or antiparasitic drugs, depending on the specific condition being treated.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| species | Akkermansia muciniphila | Reduces |
| species | Bacteroides uniformis | Reduces |
| species | Escherichia coli | Reduces |
| species | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | Reduces |
| species | Parabacteroides distasonis | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
| ADHD | 3.6 | 0.6 | 5 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 1.1 | 0.4 | 1.75 |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 3.1 | 1.7 | 0.82 |
| Allergies | 6.3 | 2.9 | 1.17 |
| Allergy to milk products | 2.4 | 1.3 | 0.85 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 1.6 | 1.6 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 6.7 | 7.9 | -0.18 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 3.6 | 1.3 | 1.77 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 4.8 | 1.8 | 1.67 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 1.4 | 3.2 | -1.29 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 2.1 | 0.3 | 6 |
| Asthma | 5.6 | 2 | 1.8 |
| Atherosclerosis | 2.4 | 2.2 | 0.09 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 3.8 | 2.8 | 0.36 |
| Autism | 11.1 | 9.9 | 0.12 |
| Autoimmune Disease | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.29 |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Biofilm | 3 | 3 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 2.4 | 1.7 | 0.41 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.6 | 1.1 | -0.83 |
| Breast Cancer | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
| Cancer (General) | 0.9 | 1.8 | -1 |
| Carcinoma | 4.7 | 2.3 | 1.04 |
| Celiac Disease | 3.6 | 3.1 | 0.16 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 1.3 | 1.3 | 0 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 6.3 | 7.3 | -0.16 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 5.2 | 3.1 | 0.68 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.6 | 0.8 | -0.33 |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 3 | 2 | 0.5 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 2 | 1.6 | 0.25 |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 1.9 | 1.3 | 0.46 |
| Cognitive Function | 2.8 | 1.3 | 1.15 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 8.3 | 2.5 | 2.32 |
| Constipation | 2.1 | 0.7 | 2 |
| Coronary artery disease | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| COVID-19 | 10.4 | 13.5 | -0.3 |
| Crohn's Disease | 9.8 | 6.1 | 0.61 |
| Cushing's Syndrome (hypercortisolism) | 0.9 | -0.9 | |
| cystic fibrosis | 1.2 | 1 | 0.2 |
| d-lactic acidosis (one form of brain fog) | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| deep vein thrombosis | 2.9 | 1.4 | 1.07 |
| Denture Wearers Oral Shifts | 2.1 | 2.1 | |
| Depression | 12.2 | 10.2 | 0.2 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Eczema | 2.3 | 1.7 | 0.35 |
| Endometriosis | 3.2 | 2.6 | 0.23 |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Epilepsy | 3.9 | 2.1 | 0.86 |
| erectile dysfunction | 1.4 | 1.4 | |
| Fibromyalgia | 3.4 | 2.3 | 0.48 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 6 | 4.6 | 0.3 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 4.3 | 1 | 3.3 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 2.4 | 1.2 | 1 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 3.6 | 1.3 | 1.77 |
| giant cell arteritis | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Glioblastoma | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Gout | 2.3 | 0.7 | 2.29 |
| Graves' disease | 1.6 | 3 | -0.88 |
| Gulf War Syndrome | 0.9 | 1.8 | -1 |
| Halitosis | 1.8 | 0.3 | 5 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 3.8 | 1.7 | 1.24 |
| Heart Failure | 5.4 | 1.8 | 2 |
| hemorrhagic stroke | 1.3 | 1.3 | |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 1.4 | 0.3 | 3.67 |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 1.9 | 0.3 | 5.33 |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 1.1 | 0.4 | 1.75 |
| hyperglycemia | 3 | 1.5 | 1 |
| Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 0.8 | 0.3 | 1.67 |
| hypersomnia | 0.7 | -0.7 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 5 | 5 | 0 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.2 | 0.7 | -2.5 |
| Hypoxia | 3.5 | 3.5 | |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 1.9 | 5.2 | -1.74 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 10.4 | 10 | 0.04 |
| Insomnia | 2.5 | 3 | -0.2 |
| Intelligence | 2 | 0.6 | 2.33 |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 1.4 | 0.6 | 1.33 |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 9.2 | 5.6 | 0.64 |
| ischemic stroke | 2.3 | 1.7 | 0.35 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 8.6 | 5.2 | 0.65 |
| Long COVID | 8.2 | 7.5 | 0.09 |
| Low bone mineral density | 1.1 | -1.1 | |
| Lung Cancer | 1.5 | 1.4 | 0.07 |
| Lymphoma | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 1.5 | 0.6 | 1.5 |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 1.1 | 2.1 | -0.91 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 2 | 2.1 | -0.05 |
| membranous nephropathy | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Menopause | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.29 |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 8.8 | 7.2 | 0.22 |
| Mood Disorders | 12 | 8.1 | 0.48 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 1.4 | 0.1 | 13 |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 7.6 | 6.7 | 0.13 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 1.8 | 0.4 | 3.5 |
| myasthenia gravis | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.29 |
| neuropathic pain | 0.3 | 3 | -9 |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.9 | 2.2 | -1.44 |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 6.5 | 3.9 | 0.67 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 1.4 | 0.3 | 3.67 |
| Obesity | 11.7 | 8.7 | 0.34 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 7 | 4.4 | 0.59 |
| Osteoarthritis | 3.3 | 1.1 | 2 |
| Osteoporosis | 2.5 | 1.7 | 0.47 |
| pancreatic cancer | 1.2 | 0.3 | 3 |
| Parkinson's Disease | 9.8 | 8 | 0.23 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 7.6 | 3.1 | 1.45 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.5 |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0 |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 1.2 | 1.7 | -0.42 |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 3 | 3.2 | -0.07 |
| Psoriasis | 3.8 | 3.8 | 0 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 8.4 | 4.4 | 0.91 |
| Rosacea | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.29 |
| Schizophrenia | 6.2 | 3 | 1.07 |
| scoliosis | 0.9 | 1.2 | -0.33 |
| Sjögren syndrome | 3.2 | 2.3 | 0.39 |
| Sleep Apnea | 1.9 | 1.8 | 0.06 |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 2.2 | 2.2 | |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 3.1 | 2.8 | 0.11 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 4.9 | 2.2 | 1.23 |
| Tic Disorder | 1.5 | 1.5 | 0 |
| Tourette syndrome | 1.1 | 0.3 | 2.67 |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 4.9 | 2.5 | 0.96 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 9.9 | 7.3 | 0.36 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 6.7 | 8 | -0.19 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 6.8 | 2.4 | 1.83 |
| Vitiligo | 2.2 | 1.4 | 0.57 |
