AI Engines For more Details: Perplexity Kagi Labs You
Cytotoxic Effects: Streptozotocin is a cytotoxic agent that selectively destroys pancreatic beta cells, which are responsible for producing insulin. This destruction leads to the development of insulin deficiency and subsequent diabetes mellitus.
Induction of Diabetes: Streptozotocin is commonly used in laboratory settings to induce experimental diabetes mellitus in animal models. By administering streptozotocin, researchers can mimic certain aspects of diabetes to study its pathophysiology, complications, and potential treatment options.
Animal Research: Streptozotocin-induced diabetes is widely used in preclinical research to investigate various aspects of diabetes, including its mechanisms, progression, complications, and therapeutic interventions. Animal models of streptozotocin-induced diabetes have contributed significantly to our understanding of diabetes and the development of new treatments.
Autoimmune Diabetes: Streptozotocin-induced diabetes in animal models shares similarities with type 1 diabetes in humans, which is characterized by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Studying streptozotocin-induced diabetes helps researchers explore the autoimmune mechanisms underlying type 1 diabetes and test potential immunomodulatory therapies.
Chemical Structure: Streptozotocin is a naturally occurring compound derived from Streptomyces achromogenes bacteria. It is structurally similar to glucose and is selectively taken up by pancreatic beta cells via the glucose transporter GLUT2. Once inside the beta cells, streptozotocin induces DNA damage and cellular toxicity, leading to cell death.
Administration Route: Streptozotocin is typically administered via injection, either intravenously or intraperitoneally, to induce diabetes in animal models. The dose and duration of streptozotocin treatment vary depending on the specific experimental requirements and the desired severity of diabetes induction.
Clinical Use: Although streptozotocin is not commonly used in clinical practice due to its toxicity and narrow therapeutic index, it has been investigated as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of certain cancers, including pancreatic islet cell tumors and metastatic insulinoma. However, its clinical utility in cancer treatment is limited by its side effects and lack of efficacy compared to other chemotherapy agents.
Side Effects: In addition to its intended cytotoxic effects on pancreatic beta cells, streptozotocin may cause systemic toxicity, including gastrointestinal disturbances, hematological abnormalities, and renal toxicity. The use of streptozotocin in clinical or research settings requires careful monitoring and management of potential side effects.
Limitations: While streptozotocin-induced diabetes is a valuable tool for studying certain aspects of diabetes, it does not fully recapitulate the complexity of human diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes, which involves insulin resistance in addition to beta cell dysfunction. Researchers must consider these limitations when interpreting data from streptozotocin-induced diabetic models.
Ethical Considerations: The use of streptozotocin in animal research raises ethical considerations regarding the welfare of laboratory animals. Researchers must adhere to ethical guidelines and regulations governing the use of animals in research to minimize suffering and ensure the humane treatment of experimental animals.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| species | Bacteroides uniformis | Reduces |
| species | Escherichia coli | Reduces |
| species | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | Reduces |
| species | Parabacteroides distasonis | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| ADHD | 3.6 | 0.3 | 11 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.25 |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 2.4 | 1.5 | 0.6 |
| Allergies | 4.2 | 2.2 | 0.91 |
| Allergy to milk products | 2 | 1.3 | 0.54 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 5.1 | 6.5 | -0.27 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 2.4 | 0.9 | 1.67 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 3.5 | 1.8 | 0.94 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 1.2 | 3.1 | -1.58 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 2.1 | 2.1 | |
| Asthma | 3.4 | 1.1 | 2.09 |
| Atherosclerosis | 2.4 | 1.9 | 0.26 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 2.8 | 2 | 0.4 |
| Autism | 8.6 | 7.5 | 0.15 |
| Autoimmune Disease | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.29 |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Biofilm | 2.7 | 2.7 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 1.8 | 1.1 | 0.64 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.6 | 1.1 | -0.83 |
| Breast Cancer | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
| Cancer (General) | 0.6 | 1.5 | -1.5 |
| Carcinoma | 3.4 | 1.6 | 1.13 |
| Celiac Disease | 3.3 | 1.6 | 1.06 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 0.8 | 1.1 | -0.38 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 4.9 | 4.3 | 0.14 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 4 | 2.1 | 0.9 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.6 | 0.8 | -0.33 |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 2.1 | 1.7 | 0.24 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 1.7 | 1.2 | 0.42 |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 1.9 | 1.1 | 0.73 |
| Cognitive Function | 1.6 | 1.3 | 0.23 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 6.8 | 2.5 | 1.72 |
| Constipation | 2.1 | 0.5 | 3.2 |
| Coronary artery disease | 3 | 2.1 | 0.43 |
| COVID-19 | 7.5 | 9.5 | -0.27 |
| Crohn's Disease | 8 | 4.3 | 0.86 |
| Cushing's Syndrome (hypercortisolism) | 0.9 | -0.9 | |
| cystic fibrosis | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.5 |
| d-lactic acidosis (one form of brain fog) | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| deep vein thrombosis | 2.7 | 1.4 | 0.93 |
| Denture Wearers Oral Shifts | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
| Depression | 9.2 | 7.2 | 0.28 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Eczema | 2 | 1.1 | 0.82 |
| Endometriosis | 2.5 | 2.3 | 0.09 |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Epilepsy | 3.5 | 1.3 | 1.69 |
| erectile dysfunction | 1.4 | 1.4 | |
| Fibromyalgia | 2.4 | 2.3 | 0.04 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 6 | 4.5 | 0.33 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 3.3 | 0.8 | 3.12 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 2.1 | 0.6 | 2.5 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 2.9 | 1.1 | 1.64 |
| giant cell arteritis | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Glioblastoma | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Gout | 2.1 | 0.5 | 3.2 |
| Graves' disease | 1.3 | 2 | -0.54 |
| Gulf War Syndrome | 0.8 | 1.2 | -0.5 |
| Halitosis | 1.5 | 0.3 | 4 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 2.6 | 1.2 | 1.17 |
| Heart Failure | 5.4 | 1 | 4.4 |
| hemorrhagic stroke | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 1.9 | 0.3 | 5.33 |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
| hyperglycemia | 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.71 |
| Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| hypersomnia | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 3.7 | 4.4 | -0.19 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Hypoxia | 2.7 | 2.7 | |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 1.6 | 4.3 | -1.69 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 8.4 | 7.3 | 0.15 |
| Insomnia | 0.9 | 2 | -1.22 |
| Intelligence | 2 | 0.6 | 2.33 |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 1.3 | 0.6 | 1.17 |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 7 | 4.7 | 0.49 |
| ischemic stroke | 1.9 | 1.7 | 0.12 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 5.6 | 2.8 | 1 |
| Long COVID | 7.2 | 5.6 | 0.29 |
| Low bone mineral density | 1.1 | -1.1 | |
| Lung Cancer | 1.2 | 0.3 | 3 |
| Lymphoma | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 1.5 | 0.6 | 1.5 |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.22 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.22 |
| membranous nephropathy | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Menopause | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.8 |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 6.8 | 5.3 | 0.28 |
| Mood Disorders | 8.6 | 6 | 0.43 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 4.5 | 5.5 | -0.22 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 1.2 | 0.3 | 3 |
| myasthenia gravis | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.29 |
| neuropathic pain | 2.8 | -2.8 | |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.3 | 2.2 | -6.33 |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 5.8 | 2.1 | 1.76 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Obesity | 8.9 | 5.6 | 0.59 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 6 | 3.2 | 0.88 |
| Osteoarthritis | 3.2 | 0.9 | 2.56 |
| Osteoporosis | 1.9 | 0.6 | 2.17 |
| pancreatic cancer | 1.2 | 0.3 | 3 |
| Parkinson's Disease | 6.7 | 6.5 | 0.03 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 6.7 | 2.4 | 1.79 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.5 |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 0.3 | 1.7 | -4.67 |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 2.1 | 2.4 | -0.14 |
| Psoriasis | 2.6 | 2.9 | -0.12 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 6.2 | 2.9 | 1.14 |
| Rosacea | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.29 |
| Schizophrenia | 4.2 | 2.3 | 0.83 |
| scoliosis | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0 |
| Sjögren syndrome | 2.2 | 1.6 | 0.38 |
| Sleep Apnea | 1.2 | 1.4 | -0.17 |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 2 | 2 | |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 2.4 | 1.8 | 0.33 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 3.9 | 2 | 0.95 |
| Tic Disorder | 1.5 | 0.9 | 0.67 |
| Tourette syndrome | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 3.8 | 2.5 | 0.52 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 8.4 | 5.7 | 0.47 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 5.7 | 7.1 | -0.25 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 5.4 | 1.7 | 2.18 |
| Vitiligo | 2.2 | 1.2 | 0.83 |
