AI Engines For more Details: Perplexity Kagi Labs You
Antihistamine Action: Terfenadine works by blocking the effects of histamine, a substance produced by the body in response to allergens. Histamine is responsible for causing symptoms such as sneezing, itching, watery eyes, and runny nose. By blocking histamine receptors, terfenadine helps alleviate these allergy symptoms.
Safety Concerns: Terfenadine was withdrawn from many markets worldwide due to its potential to cause cardiac arrhythmias, particularly prolongation of the QT interval on electrocardiograms (ECGs). Prolongation of the QT interval can lead to a type of irregular heart rhythm called torsades de pointes, which can be life-threatening.
Metabolism: Terfenadine is metabolized in the liver by the enzyme cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) to its active metabolite, fexofenadine. However, terfenadine's metabolism can be inhibited by certain medications that also affect CYP3A4, leading to increased terfenadine levels in the body and a higher risk of cardiac side effects.
Drug Interactions: Terfenadine should not be taken concomitantly with medications that inhibit CYP3A4, such as macrolide antibiotics (e.g., erythromycin, clarithromycin), antifungal drugs (e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole), and protease inhibitors (e.g., ritonavir). These drugs can increase terfenadine levels and the risk of cardiac arrhythmias.
Cardiac Effects: In addition to QT interval prolongation, terfenadine may cause other cardiac effects such as palpitations, tachycardia (rapid heartbeat), and chest pain. Patients with underlying heart conditions or those taking medications known to prolong the QT interval are at higher risk of experiencing these adverse effects.
Central Nervous System Effects: Although less common, terfenadine may also cause central nervous system side effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, headache, and fatigue. These effects are generally mild compared to the potential cardiac risks associated with the medication.
Discontinuation: Due to safety concerns, terfenadine has been largely replaced by newer, safer antihistamines such as loratadine, cetirizine, and fexofenadine. These medications have similar efficacy in relieving allergy symptoms but have a lower risk of causing cardiac arrhythmias.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| genus | Bifidobacterium | Reduces |
| species | Akkermansia muciniphila | Reduces |
| species | Bacteroides uniformis | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium adolescentis | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium longum | Reduces |
| species | Escherichia coli | Reduces |
| species | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | Reduces |
| species | Parabacteroides distasonis | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
| Acne | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| ADHD | 4.8 | 0.6 | 7 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 1.1 | 0.4 | 1.75 |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 3.4 | 3 | 0.13 |
| Allergies | 6.8 | 2.6 | 1.62 |
| Allergy to milk products | 1.9 | 1.6 | 0.19 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 1.6 | 1.6 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 6.1 | 7.8 | -0.28 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 3.6 | 0.8 | 3.5 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 5 | 1.5 | 2.33 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 1.3 | 2.9 | -1.23 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 2.1 | 0.3 | 6 |
| Asthma | 6.5 | 2.6 | 1.5 |
| Atherosclerosis | 2.4 | 2.1 | 0.14 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 3.8 | 3.1 | 0.23 |
| Autism | 10.8 | 10.8 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Disease | 1.2 | 1 | 0.2 |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Biofilm | 2.6 | 2.6 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 2.1 | 1.4 | 0.5 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.9 | 1.1 | -0.22 |
| Breast Cancer | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
| Cancer (General) | 0.9 | 3.4 | -2.78 |
| Carcinoma | 4.4 | 2.3 | 0.91 |
| Celiac Disease | 3.6 | 3.6 | 0 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 1.5 | 1 | 0.5 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 5.7 | 7.2 | -0.26 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 5.2 | 3 | 0.73 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.6 | 0.8 | -0.33 |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 2.8 | 2 | 0.4 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 2 | 1.4 | 0.43 |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 1.9 | 1 | 0.9 |
| Cognitive Function | 2.8 | 1.6 | 0.75 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 7.8 | 2.8 | 1.79 |
| Constipation | 1.8 | 0.7 | 1.57 |
| Coronary artery disease | 2.7 | 3 | -0.11 |
| COVID-19 | 10.9 | 12.7 | -0.17 |
| Crohn's Disease | 9.4 | 5.9 | 0.59 |
| Cushing's Syndrome (hypercortisolism) | 0.9 | -0.9 | |
| cystic fibrosis | 1.2 | 1.9 | -0.58 |
| d-lactic acidosis (one form of brain fog) | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| deep vein thrombosis | 2.5 | 1.1 | 1.27 |
| Denture Wearers Oral Shifts | 1.8 | 1.8 | |
| Depression | 13.2 | 10.6 | 0.25 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Eczema | 2.3 | 2.6 | -0.13 |
| Endometriosis | 3.5 | 2.3 | 0.52 |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Epilepsy | 4.1 | 2.1 | 0.95 |
| erectile dysfunction | 1.4 | 0.3 | 3.67 |
| Fibromyalgia | 3.2 | 2.6 | 0.23 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 6.6 | 4.6 | 0.43 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 4 | 1.2 | 2.33 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 2.1 | 1.2 | 0.75 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 3.5 | 2.1 | 0.67 |
| giant cell arteritis | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Glioblastoma | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Gout | 1.3 | 0.6 | 1.17 |
| Graves' disease | 1.6 | 3 | -0.88 |
| Gulf War Syndrome | 0.9 | 1.8 | -1 |
| Halitosis | 1.5 | 0.3 | 4 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 3.7 | 1.9 | 0.95 |
| Heart Failure | 4.8 | 1.7 | 1.82 |
| hemorrhagic stroke | 1.3 | 1.3 | |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 1.4 | 0.3 | 3.67 |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 1.9 | 0.3 | 5.33 |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 1.1 | 0.2 | 4.5 |
| hyperglycemia | 3 | 1.5 | 1 |
| Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 1 | 0.3 | 2.33 |
| hypersomnia | 0.7 | -0.7 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 4.7 | 6.1 | -0.3 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.1 | 1 | -9 |
| Hypoxia | 3.7 | 0.3 | 11.33 |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 1.6 | 5.5 | -2.44 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 9.8 | 10.2 | -0.04 |
| Insomnia | 2.5 | 2.5 | 0 |
| Intelligence | 2 | 0.6 | 2.33 |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.83 |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 8.7 | 5.3 | 0.64 |
| ischemic stroke | 2.9 | 1.7 | 0.71 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 8.5 | 4.9 | 0.73 |
| Long COVID | 7.9 | 8 | -0.01 |
| Low bone mineral density | 1.1 | -1.1 | |
| Lung Cancer | 1.5 | 0.9 | 0.67 |
| Lymphoma | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 1.2 | 0.6 | 1 |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 1.1 | 2.4 | -1.18 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 2 | 2.4 | -0.2 |
| membranous nephropathy | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Menopause | 2.1 | 0.7 | 2 |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 8.6 | 8.5 | 0.01 |
| Mood Disorders | 12.8 | 8.5 | 0.51 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 1.3 | 0.1 | 12 |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 7.8 | 6.7 | 0.16 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 1.4 | 0.4 | 2.5 |
| myasthenia gravis | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.29 |
| neuropathic pain | 0.3 | 3.2 | -9.67 |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.8 | 2.2 | -1.75 |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 5.7 | 4.9 | 0.16 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 1.5 | 0.6 | 1.5 |
| Obesity | 11.8 | 9.3 | 0.27 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 6.4 | 4.5 | 0.42 |
| Osteoarthritis | 2.8 | 1 | 1.8 |
| Osteoporosis | 2.2 | 1.5 | 0.47 |
| pancreatic cancer | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| Parkinson's Disease | 9.2 | 7.5 | 0.23 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 6.9 | 2.4 | 1.88 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.2 | 0.6 | -2 |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.75 |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 1.2 | 1.7 | -0.42 |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 2.8 | 2.9 | -0.04 |
| Psoriasis | 3.7 | 3.6 | 0.03 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 8 | 4.7 | 0.7 |
| Rosacea | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.29 |
| Schizophrenia | 7.2 | 2.9 | 1.48 |
| scoliosis | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0 |
| Sjögren syndrome | 3.2 | 3.2 | 0 |
| Sleep Apnea | 1.9 | 1.5 | 0.27 |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 1.2 | 0.3 | 3 |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 2.2 | 0.6 | 2.67 |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 3.3 | 2.9 | 0.14 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 4.9 | 2.1 | 1.33 |
| Tic Disorder | 1.2 | 1.8 | -0.5 |
| Tourette syndrome | 1 | 0.3 | 2.33 |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 4.4 | 4.1 | 0.07 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 9.8 | 7.9 | 0.24 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 6.3 | 7.8 | -0.24 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 6.5 | 2.6 | 1.5 |
| Vitiligo | 2.2 | 1.6 | 0.38 |
