Anticancer Effects: Methotrexate is primarily used as a chemotherapy agent to treat various types of cancer, including leukemia, lymphoma, breast cancer, lung cancer, and head and neck cancers. It works by inhibiting the growth of cancer cells and preventing their reproduction.
Immunosuppressive Effects: Methotrexate is also used as an immunosuppressive agent to treat autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis). It helps control inflammation and suppresses the immune system's abnormal response.
Ectopic Pregnancy: Methotrexate is used to treat ectopic pregnancies, a condition where a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube. Methotrexate stops the growth of the embryo, allowing the body to reabsorb it.
Folate Antagonist: Methotrexate works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and proteins. By blocking folate metabolism, methotrexate interferes with the proliferation of rapidly dividing cells, including cancer cells and activated immune cells.
Side Effects: Methotrexate can cause a range of side effects, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, mouth sores, hair loss, fatigue, headache, dizziness, and skin rashes. These side effects can vary in severity and may require dose adjustments or additional medications to manage.
Bone Marrow Suppression: Methotrexate can suppress bone marrow function, leading to a decrease in the production of blood cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets). This can result in anemia, leukopenia (low white blood cell count), and thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), increasing the risk of infections and bleeding.
Hepatotoxicity: Methotrexate can cause liver toxicity, characterized by elevated liver enzymes (transaminases) and, in rare cases, liver damage or failure. Regular monitoring of liver function tests is necessary during methotrexate therapy.
Pulmonary Toxicity: In some cases, methotrexate can cause lung problems such as pneumonitis or interstitial lung disease, leading to symptoms like cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain.
Renal Toxicity: Methotrexate can affect kidney function, particularly at high doses or in patients with preexisting kidney disease. Renal toxicity may manifest as elevated serum creatinine levels, decreased urine output, or kidney damage.
Teratogenicity: Methotrexate is contraindicated during pregnancy due to its teratogenic effects, which can cause birth defects or fetal death. Women of childbearing age should use effective contraception during methotrexate treatment and for a period afterward.
Potential for Drug Interactions: Methotrexate can interact with other medications, supplements, or herbal products, potentially affecting its efficacy or increasing the risk of side effects. It's essential for healthcare providers to review a patient's medication regimen carefully before initiating methotrexate therapy.
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
Impact of methotrexate,(prescription) on Conditions from US National Library of Medicine
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups.
We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio: Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
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