AI Engines For more Details: Perplexity Kagi Labs You
Parkinson's Disease Management: Entacapone is primarily used as an adjunctive treatment for Parkinson's disease. It works by inhibiting the enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), which breaks down levodopa, allowing levodopa to remain active in the brain for a longer duration. This can help reduce the fluctuations in motor function that are often seen in Parkinson's disease patients taking levodopa/carbidopa therapy alone.
Reduction of Motor Fluctuations: Parkinson's disease is characterized by motor fluctuations, including "on-off" periods and dyskinesias (abnormal involuntary movements), which can occur as the effects of levodopa wear off between doses. Entacapone helps to smooth out these fluctuations by prolonging the duration of levodopa's therapeutic effect, thereby reducing the frequency and severity of motor fluctuations.
Improved Symptom Control: By enhancing the availability of levodopa in the brain, entacapone can lead to better control of Parkinson's disease symptoms such as tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability.
Dosage and Administration: Entacapone is typically taken orally in combination with levodopa and carbidopa. The dosage and frequency of administration vary depending on the individual patient's needs and response to treatment. It is usually taken with each dose of levodopa/carbidopa, but the exact timing and dosage should be determined by a healthcare professional.
Side Effects: Common side effects of entacapone include diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain, dyskinesias, dizziness, and orthostatic hypotension (a drop in blood pressure upon standing). These side effects are usually mild to moderate in severity and often resolve with continued use or dose adjustment. However, in rare cases, entacapone may cause more serious side effects such as hepatotoxicity (liver damage) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (a potentially life-threatening condition characterized by fever, altered mental status, and muscle rigidity).
Drug Interactions: Entacapone may interact with other medications, particularly those that are metabolized by the same liver enzymes or that affect dopamine levels in the brain. It is important for healthcare providers to review the patient's complete medication regimen to identify and manage potential drug interactions.
Monitoring: Patients taking entacapone should be monitored regularly for both therapeutic efficacy and potential adverse effects. This may involve assessments of motor function, gastrointestinal symptoms, liver function tests, and other relevant parameters.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| species | Bacteroides uniformis | Reduces |
| species | Parabacteroides distasonis | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
| Acne | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| ADHD | 2.7 | 0.3 | 8 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 1.1 | 0.4 | 1.75 |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 2.2 | 2.2 | |
| Allergies | 6.6 | 3.3 | 1 |
| Allergy to milk products | 1.4 | 0.7 | 1 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 5.8 | 5.8 | 0 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 2.2 | 0.3 | 6.33 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 2.3 | 1.8 | 0.28 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 1.1 | 2.7 | -1.45 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 1.2 | 0.3 | 3 |
| Asthma | 3 | 0.8 | 2.75 |
| Atherosclerosis | 1.6 | 2.8 | -0.75 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 3 | 2.2 | 0.36 |
| Autism | 8.8 | 6.8 | 0.29 |
| Autoimmune Disease | 0.7 | -0.7 | |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Biofilm | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 1.5 | 1.1 | 0.36 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.3 | 1.1 | -2.67 |
| Breast Cancer | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| Cancer (General) | 0.6 | 0.9 | -0.5 |
| Carcinoma | 3.5 | 2.3 | 0.52 |
| Celiac Disease | 2.2 | 2.6 | -0.18 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 0.5 | 1.3 | -1.6 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 3.6 | 5.9 | -0.64 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 3.7 | 2.9 | 0.28 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.6 | 0.8 | -0.33 |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 0.6 | 1.4 | -1.33 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 0.2 | 1 | -4 |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 0.4 | 1 | -1.5 |
| Cognitive Function | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 5.9 | 2.2 | 1.68 |
| Constipation | 1.5 | 1.3 | 0.15 |
| Coronary artery disease | 1.5 | 2.5 | -0.67 |
| COVID-19 | 5.7 | 10.5 | -0.84 |
| Crohn's Disease | 6.8 | 5.3 | 0.28 |
| Cushing's Syndrome (hypercortisolism) | 0.9 | -0.9 | |
| cystic fibrosis | 1 | -1 | |
| deep vein thrombosis | 2.3 | 1.1 | 1.09 |
| Denture Wearers Oral Shifts | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Depression | 6.9 | 6.2 | 0.11 |
| Eczema | 1.1 | 1.2 | -0.09 |
| Endometriosis | 1.7 | 1.7 | 0 |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Epilepsy | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| erectile dysfunction | 1.4 | 1.4 | |
| Fibromyalgia | 2 | 2.8 | -0.4 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 3.7 | 4.1 | -0.11 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 2.7 | 0.8 | 2.38 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 1.9 | 0.9 | 1.11 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 1.6 | 1.3 | 0.23 |
| giant cell arteritis | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Gout | 2.1 | 1.1 | 0.91 |
| Graves' disease | 1.3 | 2.4 | -0.85 |
| Gulf War Syndrome | 0.6 | 1 | -0.67 |
| Halitosis | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 3.1 | 1.5 | 1.07 |
| Heart Failure | 3.9 | 1.6 | 1.44 |
| hemorrhagic stroke | 1.3 | 1.3 | |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 1.3 | 0.3 | 3.33 |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| hyperglycemia | 0.9 | -0.9 | |
| Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| hypersomnia | 0.7 | -0.7 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 3.1 | 3.7 | -0.19 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| Hypoxia | 2.1 | 0.6 | 2.5 |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 1.3 | 3.7 | -1.85 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 5.5 | 7.6 | -0.38 |
| Insomnia | 1.6 | 1.8 | -0.13 |
| Intelligence | 1.4 | 0.6 | 1.33 |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 1.4 | 0.6 | 1.33 |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 5.8 | 3.8 | 0.53 |
| ischemic stroke | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.09 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 4.3 | 2.8 | 0.54 |
| Long COVID | 5.6 | 7.3 | -0.3 |
| Low bone mineral density | 1.1 | -1.1 | |
| Lung Cancer | 0.6 | 1 | -0.67 |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.8 | 2.1 | -1.63 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 0.8 | 1.6 | -1 |
| Menopause | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 6.5 | 5.2 | 0.25 |
| Mood Disorders | 6.3 | 5 | 0.26 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 4 | 5.7 | -0.43 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| myasthenia gravis | 0.7 | -0.7 | |
| neuropathic pain | 2.2 | -2.2 | |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.1 | 2.2 | -21 |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 3.8 | 3.3 | 0.15 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| Obesity | 8.3 | 5.5 | 0.51 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 4.4 | 3.7 | 0.19 |
| Osteoarthritis | 1.8 | 0.6 | 2 |
| Osteoporosis | 1.9 | 1 | 0.9 |
| pancreatic cancer | 1.2 | 0.3 | 3 |
| Parkinson's Disease | 6 | 6 | 0 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 5.5 | 2.6 | 1.12 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.5 |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0 |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 0.6 | 1.4 | -1.33 |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 1.2 | 2.7 | -1.25 |
| Psoriasis | 2.2 | 2.9 | -0.32 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 7 | 3.9 | 0.79 |
| Rosacea | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.29 |
| Schizophrenia | 4.3 | 2.5 | 0.72 |
| scoliosis | 0.3 | 1.2 | -3 |
| Sjögren syndrome | 1.5 | 2.3 | -0.53 |
| Sleep Apnea | 1.9 | 1.6 | 0.19 |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 2.3 | 1.8 | 0.28 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 3.2 | 2.2 | 0.45 |
| Tic Disorder | 1.2 | 1.5 | -0.25 |
| Tourette syndrome | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 3.2 | 2.2 | 0.45 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 7.4 | 5.9 | 0.25 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 4.1 | 6 | -0.46 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 5.7 | 2.2 | 1.59 |
| Vitiligo | 1.7 | 1.2 | 0.42 |
