AI Engines For more Details: Perplexity Kagi Labs You
Antipsychotic Effects: Spiperone is primarily used in the treatment of various psychiatric disorders, particularly schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. It helps alleviate symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, and agitation by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain.
Dopamine Receptor Blockade: Spiperone primarily antagonizes dopamine D2 receptors in the brain. By blocking these receptors, it reduces the activity of dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with the regulation of mood, behavior, and perception. This action is thought to contribute to its antipsychotic effects.
Extrapyramidal Side Effects: Like other typical antipsychotics, spiperone can cause extrapyramidal side effects (EPS), which are movement disorders characterized by symptoms such as tremors, muscle stiffness, akathisia (restlessness), and dystonia (involuntary muscle contractions). These side effects result from the blockade of dopamine receptors in the basal ganglia.
Hyperprolactinemia: Spiperone can elevate prolactin levels by blocking dopamine D2 receptors in the pituitary gland, which normally inhibit prolactin secretion. Increased prolactin levels may lead to side effects such as galactorrhea (milk discharge from the breasts), menstrual irregularities, and sexual dysfunction.
Sedation: Spiperone, like other antipsychotics, may cause sedation or drowsiness, which can affect cognitive and psychomotor function. This sedative effect may be beneficial for patients experiencing agitation or insomnia but can also impair alertness and concentration.
Orthostatic Hypotension: Spiperone can cause a drop in blood pressure upon standing up, leading to symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, and fainting. This effect is primarily due to its antagonistic action on alpha1-adrenergic receptors, which regulate vascular tone.
Anticholinergic Side Effects: Spiperone possesses anticholinergic properties, which can lead to side effects such as dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, and cognitive impairment. These effects result from the blockade of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
Metabolic Effects: Spiperone, like some other antipsychotics, may be associated with metabolic abnormalities such as weight gain, dyslipidemia (abnormal lipid levels), and glucose intolerance. These metabolic effects can increase the risk of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS): Although rare, spiperone, like other antipsychotics, may increase the risk of neuroleptic malignant syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition characterized by fever, altered mental status, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction, and elevated creatine kinase levels.
Tardive Dyskinesia: Long-term use of spiperone may increase the risk of tardive dyskinesia, a potentially irreversible movement disorder characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements, especially involving the face, tongue, and limbs.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| genus | Bifidobacterium | Reduces |
| species | Akkermansia muciniphila | Reduces |
| species | Bacteroides uniformis | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium adolescentis | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium longum | Reduces |
| species | Escherichia coli | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| Acne | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| ADHD | 4.5 | 0.3 | 14 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 2.7 | 3.2 | -0.19 |
| Allergies | 5.8 | 3 | 0.93 |
| Allergy to milk products | 2 | 1.2 | 0.67 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 1 | 1 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 5.9 | 5.4 | 0.09 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 3.2 | 1.2 | 1.67 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 4.1 | 0.9 | 3.56 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0.9 | 2.4 | -1.67 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 1.8 | 1.8 | |
| Asthma | 5.2 | 3.4 | 0.53 |
| Atherosclerosis | 2.1 | 1.9 | 0.11 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 2.5 | 2 | 0.25 |
| Autism | 7.7 | 8.5 | -0.1 |
| Autoimmune Disease | 1.2 | 1 | 0.2 |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Biofilm | 1.9 | 1.9 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 1.4 | 1.1 | 0.27 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.9 | 1.1 | -0.22 |
| Breast Cancer | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
| Cancer (General) | 0.9 | 2.4 | -1.67 |
| Carcinoma | 3.5 | 1.9 | 0.84 |
| Celiac Disease | 3.2 | 3 | 0.07 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 1.8 | 1 | 0.8 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 4.5 | 4.3 | 0.05 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 3.6 | 1.9 | 0.89 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.3 | 0.8 | -1.67 |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 1.8 | 1.4 | 0.29 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 2 | 1.2 | 0.67 |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 1.5 | 1 | 0.5 |
| Cognitive Function | 1.7 | 1.6 | 0.06 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 6.7 | 2.8 | 1.39 |
| Constipation | 1.5 | 0.7 | 1.14 |
| Coronary artery disease | 2.3 | 2.5 | -0.09 |
| COVID-19 | 9.6 | 11 | -0.15 |
| Crohn's Disease | 7.5 | 4.8 | 0.56 |
| Cushing's Syndrome (hypercortisolism) | 0.9 | -0.9 | |
| cystic fibrosis | 1.2 | 1.9 | -0.58 |
| d-lactic acidosis (one form of brain fog) | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| deep vein thrombosis | 2.2 | 1.1 | 1 |
| Denture Wearers Oral Shifts | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
| Depression | 9.8 | 7.5 | 0.31 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Eczema | 2 | 1.8 | 0.11 |
| Endometriosis | 2.8 | 1.7 | 0.65 |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Epilepsy | 3.8 | 1.8 | 1.11 |
| erectile dysfunction | 1.4 | 0.3 | 3.67 |
| Fibromyalgia | 2.3 | 1.7 | 0.35 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 5.3 | 2.7 | 0.96 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 3.1 | 1.6 | 0.94 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 1.7 | 0.9 | 0.89 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 3.3 | 2.2 | 0.5 |
| giant cell arteritis | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Glioblastoma | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Gout | 2.3 | 0.7 | 2.29 |
| Graves' disease | 1.2 | 2.7 | -1.25 |
| Gulf War Syndrome | 0.6 | 2.2 | -2.67 |
| Halitosis | 1.3 | 0.3 | 3.33 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 3.3 | 1.1 | 2 |
| Heart Failure | 2.8 | 2.1 | 0.33 |
| hemorrhagic stroke | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 1.5 | 0.3 | 4 |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.83 |
| hyperglycemia | 2.5 | 1.8 | 0.39 |
| Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 1.1 | 0.3 | 2.67 |
| hypersomnia | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 3.6 | 4.6 | -0.28 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.5 | 0.7 | -0.4 |
| Hypoxia | 3.2 | 0.3 | 9.67 |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 1.2 | 4.2 | -2.5 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 7.3 | 8.2 | -0.12 |
| Insomnia | 1.7 | 2.9 | -0.71 |
| Intelligence | 1.7 | 0.2 | 7.5 |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 7.5 | 5.2 | 0.44 |
| ischemic stroke | 2.5 | 1.7 | 0.47 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 6.7 | 5 | 0.34 |
| Long COVID | 6.1 | 5.9 | 0.03 |
| Low bone mineral density | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Lung Cancer | 1.2 | 1.3 | -0.08 |
| Lymphoma | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 1.1 | 0.3 | 2.67 |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.5 | 1.7 | -2.4 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 1.4 | 1.7 | -0.21 |
| membranous nephropathy | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Menopause | 2.2 | 1 | 1.2 |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 6.5 | 7.7 | -0.18 |
| Mood Disorders | 9.4 | 5.9 | 0.59 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 1.2 | 0.1 | 11 |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 5.9 | 3.6 | 0.64 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 1.5 | 0.4 | 2.75 |
| myasthenia gravis | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.29 |
| neuropathic pain | 0.3 | 2.1 | -6 |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 1.2 | 1.3 | -0.08 |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 5.2 | 5.1 | 0.02 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 1.9 | 0.6 | 2.17 |
| Obesity | 8.6 | 7.2 | 0.19 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 5.2 | 3.3 | 0.58 |
| Osteoarthritis | 2.8 | 1.4 | 1 |
| Osteoporosis | 2.2 | 1.9 | 0.16 |
| pancreatic cancer | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| Parkinson's Disease | 6.9 | 5.8 | 0.19 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 4.5 | 2.5 | 0.8 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.5 |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 1.2 | 1.7 | -0.42 |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 2.2 | 1.2 | 0.83 |
| Psoriasis | 3.3 | 2.3 | 0.43 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 5.8 | 4.2 | 0.38 |
| Rosacea | 0.3 | 0.7 | -1.33 |
| Schizophrenia | 5.9 | 2.2 | 1.68 |
| scoliosis | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Sjögren syndrome | 2.4 | 2.8 | -0.17 |
| Sleep Apnea | 1.3 | 1.3 | 0 |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 1.2 | 0.3 | 3 |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 1.9 | 0.7 | 1.71 |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 3.3 | 2.3 | 0.43 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 3.3 | 1.3 | 1.54 |
| Tic Disorder | 1.2 | 1.4 | -0.17 |
| Tourette syndrome | 1.4 | 0.3 | 3.67 |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 4 | 3.8 | 0.05 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 7.5 | 7.6 | -0.01 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 4.8 | 6.2 | -0.29 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 3.8 | 2.2 | 0.73 |
| Vitiligo | 1.2 | 1 | 0.2 |
