AI Engines For more Details: Perplexity Kagi Labs You
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): Digoxin is used in the treatment of congestive heart failure, a condition characterized by the heart's inability to pump blood effectively to meet the body's needs. Digoxin helps improve cardiac output and reduce symptoms of heart failure by increasing the force and efficiency of heart muscle contraction. It also has mild diuretic effects, which can help reduce fluid buildup in the body.
Atrial Fibrillation (AF): Digoxin may be used to control heart rate in individuals with atrial fibrillation, a type of irregular heart rhythm characterized by rapid and chaotic electrical activity in the upper chambers of the heart (atria). By slowing the conduction of electrical impulses through the atrioventricular (AV) node, digoxin helps regulate the heart rate and improve cardiac function in individuals with AF.
Positive Inotropic Effect: Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside that works by inhibiting the sodium-potassium pump (Na+/K+-ATPase) in cardiac muscle cells. This leads to an increase in intracellular calcium levels, which enhances myocardial contractility (positive inotropic effect) and improves cardiac output. The positive inotropic effect of digoxin helps strengthen the force of cardiac contractions, particularly in individuals with weakened heart muscle function.
Negative Chronotropic Effect: In addition to its positive inotropic effects, digoxin also has negative chronotropic effects, meaning it slows the heart rate by prolonging the refractory period of the AV node. This can be beneficial in controlling heart rate in individuals with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter, where rapid and irregular heart rates may contribute to symptoms such as palpitations, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
Electrolyte Balance: Digoxin's effectiveness and safety are influenced by electrolyte balance, particularly potassium and magnesium levels. Hypokalemia (low potassium) and hypomagnesemia (low magnesium) can increase the risk of digoxin toxicity, while hyperkalemia (high potassium) can reduce its effectiveness. Therefore, electrolyte levels should be monitored regularly in individuals taking digoxin.
Side Effects and Toxicity: Common side effects of digoxin may include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, headache, dizziness, visual disturbances (such as blurred or yellow-tinted vision), and arrhythmias. Digoxin toxicity can occur, especially if the medication is taken in excessive doses or if kidney function is impaired, leading to symptoms such as confusion, delirium, bradycardia (slow heart rate), and cardiac arrhythmias.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| genus | Bifidobacterium | Reduces |
| species | Akkermansia muciniphila | Reduces |
| species | Bacteroides uniformis | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium adolescentis | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium longum | Reduces |
| species | Escherichia coli | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| Acne | 0.3 | 0.9 | -2 |
| ADHD | 4.6 | 0.6 | 6.67 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 1.1 | 0.4 | 1.75 |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 3.2 | 2.5 | 0.28 |
| Allergies | 6.5 | 2.4 | 1.71 |
| Allergy to milk products | 1.7 | 1.6 | 0.06 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 1 | 1 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 4.7 | 6.2 | -0.32 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 2.3 | 1 | 1.3 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 3.6 | 1.3 | 1.77 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 1.6 | 2.6 | -0.63 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 1.1 | 0.3 | 2.67 |
| Asthma | 5.2 | 2.6 | 1 |
| Atherosclerosis | 1.7 | 1.9 | -0.12 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 3.2 | 2.3 | 0.39 |
| Autism | 8.5 | 7.9 | 0.08 |
| Autoimmune Disease | 1.2 | 1 | 0.2 |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Biofilm | 1.6 | 1.6 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 2.4 | 1.4 | 0.71 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.9 | 1.4 | -0.56 |
| Breast Cancer | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| Cancer (General) | 0.6 | 2.5 | -3.17 |
| Carcinoma | 4.1 | 2.6 | 0.58 |
| Celiac Disease | 2.1 | 3.9 | -0.86 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 1.4 | 1.3 | 0.08 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 5 | 5.5 | -0.1 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 4.9 | 2.6 | 0.88 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.5 | 0.8 | -0.6 |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 1.6 | 1.4 | 0.14 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 1.8 | 0.2 | 8 |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 1.8 | 1.3 | 0.38 |
| Cognitive Function | 3.6 | 1.6 | 1.25 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 7 | 2.7 | 1.59 |
| Constipation | 1.9 | 0.7 | 1.71 |
| Coronary artery disease | 2.6 | 2 | 0.3 |
| COVID-19 | 9.7 | 9.8 | -0.01 |
| Crohn's Disease | 6.5 | 4.4 | 0.48 |
| Cushing's Syndrome (hypercortisolism) | 0.7 | -0.7 | |
| cystic fibrosis | 1.1 | 1.9 | -0.73 |
| d-lactic acidosis (one form of brain fog) | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| deep vein thrombosis | 2.2 | 1.4 | 0.57 |
| Denture Wearers Oral Shifts | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
| Depression | 10 | 8.3 | 0.2 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Eczema | 1.8 | 1.7 | 0.06 |
| Endometriosis | 3.1 | 2.2 | 0.41 |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| Epilepsy | 2.8 | 1.9 | 0.47 |
| erectile dysfunction | 1.6 | 0.3 | 4.33 |
| Fibromyalgia | 3.1 | 0.9 | 2.44 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 5.2 | 3.5 | 0.49 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 3.4 | 0.9 | 2.78 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.7 | 1.2 | -0.71 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 2.5 | 2.3 | 0.09 |
| giant cell arteritis | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Glioblastoma | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Gout | 2 | 0.6 | 2.33 |
| Graves' disease | 1.9 | 3 | -0.58 |
| Gulf War Syndrome | 0.6 | 0.8 | -0.33 |
| Halitosis | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 3.2 | 1.9 | 0.68 |
| Heart Failure | 3.8 | 1.8 | 1.11 |
| hemorrhagic stroke | 1 | 1 | |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 1.2 | 0.3 | 3 |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 1.6 | 0.6 | 1.67 |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 1 | 0.2 | 4 |
| hyperglycemia | 2.6 | 1.4 | 0.86 |
| Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 1 | 0.3 | 2.33 |
| hypersomnia | 0.7 | -0.7 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 4.9 | 4.6 | 0.07 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.1 | 0.7 | -6 |
| Hypoxia | 3.3 | 0.3 | 10 |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 1.6 | 3.5 | -1.19 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 7.4 | 7.3 | 0.01 |
| Insomnia | 1.9 | 2.7 | -0.42 |
| Intelligence | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 1.2 | 0.6 | 1 |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 7.3 | 4.6 | 0.59 |
| ischemic stroke | 3.2 | 1.7 | 0.88 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 6.9 | 4.4 | 0.57 |
| Long COVID | 6.1 | 7.2 | -0.18 |
| Low bone mineral density | 0.8 | -0.8 | |
| Lung Cancer | 1.5 | 1.2 | 0.25 |
| Lymphoma | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.5 |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 1.1 | 1.9 | -0.73 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 1.8 | 1.8 | 0 |
| membranous nephropathy | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Menopause | 2.1 | 0.6 | 2.5 |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 7.2 | 6.6 | 0.09 |
| Mood Disorders | 9.7 | 6.9 | 0.41 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 1 | 0.1 | 9 |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 6.7 | 4.2 | 0.6 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.14 |
| myasthenia gravis | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.29 |
| neuropathic pain | 0.3 | 3 | -9 |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.8 | 2.8 | -2.5 |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 1 | 1 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 5 | 4.6 | 0.09 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 1.5 | 0.6 | 1.5 |
| Obesity | 10.4 | 6.9 | 0.51 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 5.1 | 3.4 | 0.5 |
| Osteoarthritis | 2.1 | 1.3 | 0.62 |
| Osteoporosis | 2.5 | 1.5 | 0.67 |
| pancreatic cancer | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Parkinson's Disease | 8 | 5.1 | 0.57 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 5.2 | 2.9 | 0.79 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.5 |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.75 |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.33 |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 2.3 | 2 | 0.15 |
| Psoriasis | 3.4 | 1.9 | 0.79 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 7.1 | 3.3 | 1.15 |
| Rosacea | 1.2 | 1 | 0.2 |
| Schizophrenia | 6.1 | 2.9 | 1.1 |
| scoliosis | 0.5 | 0.9 | -0.8 |
| Sjögren syndrome | 2.6 | 2.7 | -0.04 |
| Sleep Apnea | 1.6 | 1.6 | 0 |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 1.3 | 0.3 | 3.33 |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 1.5 | 0.6 | 1.5 |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 2.9 | 2.6 | 0.12 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 3.5 | 2.2 | 0.59 |
| Tic Disorder | 1.3 | 1.2 | 0.08 |
| Tourette syndrome | 1 | 0.3 | 2.33 |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 3.6 | 4.1 | -0.14 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 8.3 | 6.4 | 0.3 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 4.7 | 5.1 | -0.09 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 4.5 | 2.1 | 1.14 |
| Vitiligo | 1.9 | 1 | 0.9 |
