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Pharmacological Properties: Sulfaphenazole is primarily used in laboratory research to inhibit the activity of specific cytochrome P450 enzymes, particularly CYP2C9. This enzyme is involved in the metabolism of various drugs, including anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and certain antiepileptic medications.
Cytochrome P450 Inhibition: By inhibiting CYP2C9, sulfaphenazole can affect the metabolism and clearance of drugs that are substrates for this enzyme. This inhibition may lead to alterations in the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of co-administered medications, potentially increasing their plasma concentrations and prolonging their effects.
Drug-Drug Interactions: Sulfaphenazole's ability to inhibit cytochrome P450 enzymes, particularly CYP2C9, can result in clinically significant drug interactions when co-administered with other medications metabolized by the same enzyme system. These interactions may necessitate dose adjustments or careful monitoring to prevent adverse effects or therapeutic failure.
Research Tool: Due to its potent inhibitory effects on CYP2C9, sulfaphenazole is commonly used in preclinical studies and in vitro experiments to investigate drug metabolism, drug-drug interactions, and the pharmacokinetics of various compounds. It serves as a valuable tool for understanding the role of CYP2C9 in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics.
Limited Clinical Use: Sulfaphenazole is not typically used in clinical practice for therapeutic purposes due to its primarily research-oriented application and potential for significant drug interactions. Its use is largely confined to laboratory settings, where it is employed as a selective inhibitor of CYP2C9 to elucidate metabolic pathways and drug interactions.
Safety Considerations: While sulfaphenazole is generally well-tolerated in laboratory research settings, its use in humans is limited and primarily restricted to investigational studies. Like other medications, sulfaphenazole may be associated with adverse effects, although these are less relevant in the context of its intended use as a research tool rather than a therapeutic agent.
Consultation with Healthcare Providers: Individuals participating in research studies involving sulfaphenazole or other pharmacological agents should consult with healthcare providers and researchers for appropriate guidance regarding the risks, benefits, and safety considerations associated with the study protocol.
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive β X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.