AI Engines For more Details: Perplexity Kagi Labs You
Tuberculosis (TB): Ethambutol is a first-line drug used in combination with other antibiotics for the treatment of TB. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of cell wall components in mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium that causes TB. Ethambutol is effective against both actively dividing and dormant TB bacteria.
Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB): Ethambutol is also used in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), which is resistant to at least two of the most potent anti-TB drugs, isoniazid and rifampicin. It is often included in the multidrug regimen for MDR-TB treatment.
Side Effects: While ethambutol is generally well-tolerated, it can cause various side effects, including optic neuritis, which is inflammation of the optic nerve. Optic neuritis associated with ethambutol use can lead to visual disturbances such as blurred vision, decreased visual acuity, and changes in color vision. These visual side effects are dose-dependent and usually reversible upon discontinuation of the drug.
Monitoring: Patients receiving ethambutol therapy should undergo regular monitoring of visual acuity and color vision, as well as comprehensive eye examinations to detect any signs of optic neuritis. Ethambutol should be promptly discontinued if optic neuritis occurs.
Dosage Adjustments: Dosage adjustments may be necessary in patients with renal impairment to prevent drug accumulation and minimize the risk of toxicity.
Precautions: Ethambutol should be used with caution in patients with pre-existing eye conditions, such as cataracts or retinal disorders, as they may be at increased risk of developing optic neuritis.
Resistance: The emergence of ethambutol-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a concern in TB treatment. Resistance to ethambutol can develop due to mutations in the bacterial genes involved in drug action.
Combination Therapy: Ethambutol is typically used in combination with other first-line anti-TB drugs, such as isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide, to achieve optimal treatment outcomes and prevent the development of drug resistance.
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Ethambutol should be used with caution during pregnancy and breastfeeding, and the potential risks and benefits should be carefully considered by healthcare providers when prescribing the drug to pregnant or lactating women.
Drug Interactions: Ethambutol may interact with other medications, and healthcare providers should review the patient's medication list to identify potential drug interactions and adjust therapy accordingly.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| genus | Bifidobacterium | Reduces |
| species | Akkermansia muciniphila | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium adolescentis | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium longum | Reduces |
| species | Escherichia coli | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acne | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| ADHD | 3.1 | 0.6 | 4.17 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 2.4 | 1.8 | 0.33 |
| Allergies | 4.4 | 1.7 | 1.59 |
| Allergy to milk products | 1.5 | 1.2 | 0.25 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 1 | 1 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 4.1 | 5.1 | -0.24 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 2.5 | 0.4 | 5.25 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 3 | 0.6 | 4 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0.9 | 2.1 | -1.33 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
| Asthma | 3.8 | 2.3 | 0.65 |
| Atherosclerosis | 1.3 | 1 | 0.3 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 2.5 | 1.5 | 0.67 |
| Autism | 6.1 | 5.5 | 0.11 |
| Autoimmune Disease | 1.2 | 1 | 0.2 |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Biofilm | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 1.4 | 1.4 | 0 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.9 | 1.1 | -0.22 |
| Breast Cancer | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Cancer (General) | 0.9 | 1.6 | -0.78 |
| Carcinoma | 3.4 | 1.9 | 0.79 |
| Celiac Disease | 1.4 | 2.4 | -0.71 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 1.5 | 1 | 0.5 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 2.9 | 3.2 | -0.1 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 3.7 | 2.1 | 0.76 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.2 | 0.8 | -3 |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 1.7 | 1.7 | 0 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 1.5 | 0.3 | 4 |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Cognitive Function | 1.7 | 1.6 | 0.06 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 4.7 | 2 | 1.35 |
| Constipation | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.29 |
| Coronary artery disease | 1.6 | 2.2 | -0.38 |
| COVID-19 | 5.9 | 6.2 | -0.05 |
| Crohn's Disease | 5.6 | 3.8 | 0.47 |
| Cushing's Syndrome (hypercortisolism) | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| cystic fibrosis | 1.2 | 1.4 | -0.17 |
| d-lactic acidosis (one form of brain fog) | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| deep vein thrombosis | 1.3 | 1.1 | 0.18 |
| Denture Wearers Oral Shifts | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Depression | 7 | 6.6 | 0.06 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Eczema | 2.2 | 1 | 1.2 |
| Endometriosis | 2.6 | 1.5 | 0.73 |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Epilepsy | 2.5 | 1.2 | 1.08 |
| erectile dysfunction | 1.4 | 0.3 | 3.67 |
| Fibromyalgia | 2 | 0.9 | 1.22 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 3.4 | 3 | 0.13 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 2 | 1.3 | 0.54 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 2.4 | 1.9 | 0.26 |
| giant cell arteritis | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Glioblastoma | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Gout | 1.7 | 0.6 | 1.83 |
| Graves' disease | 1.7 | 3 | -0.76 |
| Gulf War Syndrome | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.13 |
| Halitosis | 1.3 | 0.3 | 3.33 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 4.1 | 1.3 | 2.15 |
| Heart Failure | 2.4 | 1.4 | 0.71 |
| hemorrhagic stroke | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 1.4 | 0.3 | 3.67 |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| hyperglycemia | 1.6 | 1.2 | 0.33 |
| Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| hypersomnia | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 3.4 | 2.9 | 0.17 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.1 | 1 | -9 |
| Hypoxia | 2.3 | 0.3 | 6.67 |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 1.2 | 2.2 | -0.83 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 4.3 | 5.6 | -0.3 |
| Insomnia | 1.9 | 2.3 | -0.21 |
| Intelligence | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.17 |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 6 | 3.8 | 0.58 |
| ischemic stroke | 1.8 | 1.7 | 0.06 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 5.3 | 4.2 | 0.26 |
| Long COVID | 4.2 | 4.9 | -0.17 |
| Low bone mineral density | 0.8 | -0.8 | |
| Lung Cancer | 1.2 | 1 | 0.2 |
| Lymphoma | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 1 | 0.6 | 0.67 |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.5 | 1.5 | -2 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 0.9 | 1.6 | -0.78 |
| membranous nephropathy | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Menopause | 1.4 | 0.7 | 1 |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 5.9 | 4.9 | 0.2 |
| Mood Disorders | 7 | 5.6 | 0.25 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0.7 | 0.1 | 6 |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 5.3 | 2.9 | 0.83 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0.9 | 0.4 | 1.25 |
| myasthenia gravis | 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.71 |
| neuropathic pain | 0.3 | 1.4 | -3.67 |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.9 | 1.1 | -0.22 |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 4.2 | 3.5 | 0.2 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 1.6 | 0.6 | 1.67 |
| Obesity | 7.8 | 5.6 | 0.39 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 2.8 | 3.3 | -0.18 |
| Osteoarthritis | 1.5 | 1 | 0.5 |
| Osteoporosis | 2.2 | 1.6 | 0.38 |
| pancreatic cancer | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| Parkinson's Disease | 6.3 | 4.5 | 0.4 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 3.4 | 2.2 | 0.55 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.2 | 0.6 | -2 |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.09 |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 2.1 | 1 | 1.1 |
| Psoriasis | 2.5 | 1.7 | 0.47 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 6.2 | 3.8 | 0.63 |
| Rosacea | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.14 |
| Schizophrenia | 4.1 | 2.2 | 0.86 |
| scoliosis | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Sjögren syndrome | 1.9 | 1.7 | 0.12 |
| Sleep Apnea | 1.6 | 1.5 | 0.07 |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 1.7 | 0.4 | 3.25 |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 2.4 | 2.1 | 0.14 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 3.5 | 1.3 | 1.69 |
| Tic Disorder | 0.6 | 1.2 | -1 |
| Tourette syndrome | 1 | 0.3 | 2.33 |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 3.5 | 2.5 | 0.4 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 6 | 4.3 | 0.4 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 3 | 3.2 | -0.07 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 3.3 | 1.9 | 0.74 |
| Vitiligo | 1.4 | 0.7 | 1 |
