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Antifungal Activity: Fluconazole works by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, an essential component of fungal cell membranes. This disrupts the integrity of the fungal cell membrane, leading to cell death. It is effective against a wide range of fungal organisms, including Candida species (yeasts) and some molds.
Treatment of Candidiasis: Fluconazole is commonly used to treat infections caused by Candida species, including vaginal yeast infections (vulvovaginal candidiasis), oral thrush (oral candidiasis), esophageal candidiasis, and invasive candidiasis affecting internal organs. It is often considered a first-line treatment for these infections due to its effectiveness and tolerability.
Cryptococcal Meningitis: Fluconazole is also used in the treatment and prevention of cryptococcal meningitis, a serious fungal infection of the central nervous system caused by Cryptococcus neoformans. It may be used alone or in combination with other antifungal medications, such as amphotericin B.
Prophylaxis in Immunocompromised Patients: Fluconazole may be prescribed to prevent fungal infections in immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV/AIDS or undergoing chemotherapy or organ transplantation. It can help prevent the development of fungal infections, particularly invasive Candida infections.
Treatment of Other Fungal Infections: In addition to Candida and Cryptococcus infections, fluconazole may be used to treat fungal infections caused by other susceptible organisms, such as certain dermatophytes (e.g., tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea pedis) and systemic mycoses caused by molds.
Oral and Topical Formulations: Fluconazole is available in oral tablet, oral suspension, and intravenous (IV) formulations. Topical formulations of fluconazole may also be available for the treatment of certain localized fungal infections, such as oral thrush.
Single-Dose Regimen for Vaginal Yeast Infections: For uncomplicated vaginal yeast infections, fluconazole may be administered as a single oral dose, providing convenient and effective treatment for many women.
Adverse Effects: Common side effects of fluconazole may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, and rash. These side effects are usually mild and transient. Rare but serious adverse effects may include liver toxicity, allergic reactions (including anaphylaxis), and severe skin reactions (e.g., Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis).
Drug Interactions: Fluconazole may interact with certain medications, including drugs metabolized by the cytochrome P450 system, leading to altered blood levels of these drugs. It is important to inform healthcare providers about all medications, supplements, and herbal products being taken to avoid potential drug interactions.
Safety in Pregnancy and Lactation: While fluconazole is generally considered safe for use during pregnancy for the treatment of serious fungal infections, it may be associated with an increased risk of certain birth defects when used in high doses during the first trimester. The use of fluconazole during breastfeeding is generally considered compatible with breastfeeding, but caution may be warranted, especially with prolonged or high-dose therapy.
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| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| genus | Saccharomyces | Reduces |
| species | Bacillus subtilis | Reduces |
| species | Bacteroides uniformis | Reduces |
| species | Escherichia coli | Reduces |
| species | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | Reduces |
| species | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bacillus subtilis subsp. natto | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
| Taxonomy | Rank | Effect | Citations | Notation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| [Ruminococcus] torques | species | Decreases | 📓 Source Study | |
| Agathobacter | genus | Decreases | 👪 Source Study | |
| Agathobacter rectalis | species | Decreases | 📓 Source Study | |
| Bacillus subtilis | species | Decreases | 📓 Source Study | |
| Bacillus subtilis BEST7003 | strain | Decreases | 👶 Source Study | |
| Bacillus subtilis BSn5 | strain | Decreases | 👶 Source Study | |
| Bacillus subtilis E1 | strain | Decreases | 👶 Source Study | |
| Bacillus subtilis group | species group | Decreases | 👪 Source Study | |
| Bacillus subtilis Hal1 | strain | Decreases | 👶 Source Study | |
| Bacillus subtilis HJ5 | strain | Decreases | 👶 Source Study | |
| Bacillus subtilis J22 | strain | Decreases | 👶 Source Study | |
| Bacillus subtilis J23 | strain | Decreases | 👶 Source Study | |
| Bacillus subtilis J24 | strain | Decreases | 👶 Source Study | |
| Bacillus subtilis J25 | strain | Decreases | 👶 Source Study | |
| Bacillus subtilis J26 | strain | Decreases | 👶 Source Study |
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Acne | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.14 |
| ADHD | 1.6 | 1.6 | |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 1.9 | 1.3 | 0.46 |
| Allergies | 3.1 | 3 | 0.03 |
| Allergy to milk products | 0.8 | 2.1 | -1.63 |
| Alzheimer's disease | 4.6 | 6 | -0.3 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 1.8 | 1.6 | 0.13 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 2.5 | 1.6 | 0.56 |
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