AI Engines For more Details: Perplexity Kagi Labs You
Antifungal Activity: Amphotericin B is effective against a wide range of fungal pathogens, including Candida species, Aspergillus species, Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma capsulatum, and many others. It works by binding to ergosterol, a key component of fungal cell membranes, disrupting membrane integrity, and ultimately leading to fungal cell death.
Treatment of Systemic Fungal Infections: Amphotericin B is primarily used to treat systemic fungal infections that affect internal organs and tissues. These infections can be life-threatening, especially in immunocompromised individuals such as those with HIV/AIDS, organ transplant recipients, or patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Invasive Candidiasis: Amphotericin B is effective against invasive Candida infections, including candidemia (bloodstream infection) and disseminated candidiasis, which can occur in hospitalized patients, particularly those in intensive care units or with central venous catheters.
Invasive Aspergillosis: Amphotericin B is also used to treat invasive aspergillosis, a serious infection caused by Aspergillus fungi, which commonly affects the lungs and can spread to other organs in immunocompromised individuals.
Cryptococcal Meningitis: Amphotericin B is part of the standard treatment regimen for cryptococcal meningitis, a fungal infection of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, caused by Cryptococcus neoformans.
Histoplasmosis: Amphotericin B may be used to treat histoplasmosis, a fungal infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, which primarily affects the lungs but can disseminate to other organs in severe cases.
Leishmaniasis: In some cases, amphotericin B may be used to treat leishmaniasis, a parasitic infection transmitted by sandflies, particularly in visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) when other treatment options are not available or effective.
Formulations: Amphotericin B is available in several formulations, including conventional deoxycholate amphotericin B (Fungizone), liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome), lipid complex amphotericin B (Abelcet), and colloidal dispersion amphotericin B (Amphocil). Lipid-based formulations are associated with reduced nephrotoxicity compared to conventional amphotericin B.
Administration: Amphotericin B is typically administered intravenously due to poor oral absorption. The choice of formulation and dosing regimen depends on the type and severity of the fungal infection, as well as the patient's overall health status and renal function.
Adverse Effects: Common side effects of amphotericin B include fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, headache, and infusion-related reactions such as hypotension and tachycardia. Nephrotoxicity (kidney damage) and electrolyte imbalances are significant concerns with prolonged use, particularly with conventional formulations.
Monitoring: Patients receiving amphotericin B therapy require close monitoring of renal function, electrolyte levels, and vital signs to detect and manage potential adverse effects promptly. Dose adjustments may be necessary based on renal function and tolerance.
Drug Interactions: Amphotericin B may interact with other medications, including nephrotoxic drugs such as aminoglycosides and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), leading to increased risk of kidney damage. Healthcare providers should review the patient's medication list carefully and adjust therapy as needed to minimize interactions and adverse effects.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| species | Escherichia coli | Reduces |
| species | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| ADHD | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Allergies | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
| Allergy to milk products | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 1.7 | 0.9 | 0.89 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 1.7 | 0.3 | 4.67 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 1.7 | 1.7 | |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Asthma | 2.7 | 0.3 | 8 |
| Atherosclerosis | 0.8 | 0.1 | 7 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.5 |
| Autism | 2.6 | 1.9 | 0.37 |
| Autoimmune Disease | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Biofilm | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Brain Trauma | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Breast Cancer | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Cancer (General) | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| Carcinoma | 1.5 | 0.6 | 1.5 |
| Celiac Disease | 1.2 | 0.6 | 1 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 0.6 | 1.1 | -0.83 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 2 | 0.3 | 5.67 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 1.2 | 0.3 | 3 |
| Cognitive Function | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 2 | 0.6 | 2.33 |
| Constipation | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Coronary artery disease | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
| COVID-19 | 2.9 | 1.6 | 0.81 |
| Crohn's Disease | 2.4 | 1.1 | 1.18 |
| Cushing's Syndrome (hypercortisolism) | 0.5 | 0.1 | 4 |
| cystic fibrosis | 1.9 | 1.9 | |
| d-lactic acidosis (one form of brain fog) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| deep vein thrombosis | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| Denture Wearers Oral Shifts | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
| Depression | 3.4 | 2.6 | 0.31 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Eczema | 1.4 | 0.3 | 3.67 |
| Endometriosis | 1.7 | 0.3 | 4.67 |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Epilepsy | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
| erectile dysfunction | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Fibromyalgia | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 1.3 | 1.3 | |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 1.2 | 0.3 | 3 |
| Glioblastoma | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Gout | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Graves' disease | 0.9 | -0.9 | |
| Gulf War Syndrome | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Halitosis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Heart Failure | 1.7 | 1.7 | |
| hemorrhagic stroke | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| hyperglycemia | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 1.5 | 0.3 | 4 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| Hypoxia | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 1.3 | 0.6 | 1.17 |
| Insomnia | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.13 |
| Intelligence | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 1.7 | 0.4 | 3.25 |
| ischemic stroke | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| Juvenile idiopathic arthritis | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 1.7 | 1.2 | 0.42 |
| Long COVID | 1 | 0.6 | 0.67 |
| Lung Cancer | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| Lymphoma | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 0.3 | 0.7 | -1.33 |
| membranous nephropathy | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Menopause | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 1.7 | 1 | 0.7 |
| Mood Disorders | 1.9 | 2 | -0.05 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 3.5 | 0.4 | 7.75 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| myasthenia gravis | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 1.7 | 0.5 | 2.4 |
| Obesity | 1.8 | 1.5 | 0.2 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 1.3 | 0.9 | 0.44 |
| Osteoarthritis | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.13 |
| Osteoporosis | 0.6 | 0.9 | -0.5 |
| pancreatic cancer | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Parkinson's Disease | 1.7 | 1.5 | 0.13 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 1 | 0.3 | 2.33 |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0 | 0 | |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Psoriasis | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 2 | 0.6 | 2.33 |
| Schizophrenia | 1.3 | 1.3 | |
| scoliosis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Sjögren syndrome | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.5 |
| Sleep Apnea | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 1.9 | 1.9 | |
| Tic Disorder | 0.4 | 0.6 | -0.5 |
| Tourette syndrome | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 1.5 | 0.4 | 2.75 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 2.2 | 1.3 | 0.69 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 1.9 | 0.1 | 18 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 1 | 1 | |
| Vitiligo | 0.3 | 0.3 |
