AI Engines For more Details: Perplexity Kagi Labs You
Anthelmintic Activity: Levamisole hydrochloride is effective against various types of parasitic worms, including roundworms (nematodes) and certain flatworms (trematodes). It works by paralyzing the worms, making them easier to expel from the body through bowel movements.
Treatment of Worm Infections: Levamisole hydrochloride is used to treat a range of worm infections in humans, including ascariasis (caused by roundworms), hookworm infections, whipworm infections, and strongyloidiasis. In veterinary medicine, it is also used to treat worm infections in livestock and pets.
Broad-Spectrum Activity: Levamisole hydrochloride has broad-spectrum activity against various species of parasitic worms, making it a versatile treatment option for different types of worm infestations.
Immunomodulatory Effects: In addition to its anthelmintic properties, levamisole hydrochloride also exhibits immunomodulatory effects. It has been used as an adjuvant therapy in certain autoimmune disorders and cancers to boost the immune response.
Adverse Effects: Levamisole hydrochloride can cause certain adverse effects, particularly at higher doses or with prolonged use. Common side effects may include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dizziness, headache, and fatigue. Rare but serious adverse effects may include agranulocytosis (a severe decrease in white blood cell count), leukopenia, and vasculitis.
Dosage and Administration: The dosage of levamisole hydrochloride depends on factors such as the type and severity of the worm infection, the patient's age and weight, and any underlying medical conditions. It is typically administered orally as tablets or suspension. In veterinary medicine, it may also be administered as an injectable solution or added to feed.
Contraindications and Precautions: Levamisole hydrochloride is contraindicated in individuals with known hypersensitivity to the drug and in pregnant women, especially during the first trimester. It should be used with caution in patients with renal impairment, hepatic impairment, or compromised immune function.
Monitoring and Follow-Up: Patients receiving treatment with levamisole hydrochloride should be monitored for the resolution of symptoms and for any signs of adverse effects. Follow-up evaluations may be necessary to confirm the eradication of the worm infection.
Drug Interactions: Levamisole hydrochloride may interact with certain medications, including immunosuppressants, anticoagulants, and other anthelmintic drugs. Healthcare providers should review the patient's medication regimen carefully to avoid potential drug interactions.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| genus | Bifidobacterium | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium adolescentis | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium longum | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acne | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| ADHD | 1.9 | 0.6 | 2.17 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 1.6 | 1 | 0.6 |
| Allergies | 2 | 0.8 | 1.5 |
| Allergy to milk products | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 1.6 | 3.3 | -1.06 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 1.8 | 1.8 | |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 2.2 | 0.6 | 2.67 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0.7 | 1.8 | -1.57 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Asthma | 3.7 | 1.9 | 0.95 |
| Atherosclerosis | 0.6 | 0.8 | -0.33 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 2.4 | 0.6 | 3 |
| Autism | 4.2 | 4 | 0.05 |
| Autoimmune Disease | 0.6 | 0.8 | -0.33 |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Biofilm | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 0.6 | 1.4 | -1.33 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.6 | 1.1 | -0.83 |
| Cancer (General) | 0.6 | 0.8 | -0.33 |
| Carcinoma | 2.2 | 1.6 | 0.38 |
| Celiac Disease | 1.2 | 2.4 | -1 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 1.2 | 1 | 0.2 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 2.2 | 3.1 | -0.41 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 1.8 | 1.5 | 0.2 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.1 | 0.8 | -7 |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 0.9 | 1.7 | -0.89 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 0.3 | 1 | -2.33 |
| Cognitive Function | 1.7 | 1.4 | 0.21 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 2.2 | 1.1 | 1 |
| Constipation | 0.6 | 0.7 | -0.17 |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.3 | 1.8 | -5 |
| COVID-19 | 3.8 | 4.5 | -0.18 |
| Crohn's Disease | 3.3 | 3 | 0.1 |
| Cushing's Syndrome (hypercortisolism) | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| cystic fibrosis | 1.4 | -1.4 | |
| deep vein thrombosis | 0.3 | 1.1 | -2.67 |
| Denture Wearers Oral Shifts | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Depression | 4.3 | 3.6 | 0.19 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Eczema | 0.6 | 0.8 | -0.33 |
| Endometriosis | 1.9 | 1.7 | 0.12 |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| Epilepsy | 1 | 0.7 | 0.43 |
| erectile dysfunction | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Fibromyalgia | 2.1 | 0.7 | 2 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 2 | 1.9 | 0.05 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 1 | 0.8 | 0.25 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.3 | 0.8 | -1.67 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 1.3 | 1.4 | -0.08 |
| Glioblastoma | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Gout | 1 | 0.3 | 2.33 |
| Graves' disease | 0.9 | 2.7 | -2 |
| Gulf War Syndrome | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| Halitosis | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 2.5 | 1.2 | 1.08 |
| Heart Failure | 1.3 | 1 | 0.3 |
| hemorrhagic stroke | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.67 |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| hyperglycemia | 0.1 | 0.7 | -6 |
| Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| hypersomnia | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 2.2 | 3.1 | -0.41 |
| Hypothyroidism | 1 | -1 | |
| Hypoxia | 1.2 | 0.3 | 3 |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 0.9 | 1.6 | -0.78 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 2.7 | 3.3 | -0.22 |
| Insomnia | 1.9 | 1.8 | 0.06 |
| Intelligence | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 2.9 | 2.3 | 0.26 |
| ischemic stroke | 1.5 | 0.8 | 0.88 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 3.7 | 2.6 | 0.42 |
| Long COVID | 2.5 | 3.7 | -0.48 |
| Low bone mineral density | 1.1 | -1.1 | |
| Lung Cancer | 0.7 | -0.7 | |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.3 | 1.4 | -3.67 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 1.1 | 1.6 | -0.45 |
| membranous nephropathy | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Menopause | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 3 | 4.1 | -0.37 |
| Mood Disorders | 3.8 | 3 | 0.27 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0.6 | 0.1 | 5 |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 2.4 | 2.6 | -0.08 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
| myasthenia gravis | 0.3 | 0.5 | -0.67 |
| neuropathic pain | 0.3 | 2 | -5.67 |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.7 | 0.8 | -0.14 |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 2.7 | 2.8 | -0.04 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 1 | 0.6 | 0.67 |
| Obesity | 4.7 | 4 | 0.18 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 1.5 | 2.5 | -0.67 |
| Osteoarthritis | 1 | 0.9 | 0.11 |
| Osteoporosis | 1.4 | 1.3 | 0.08 |
| pancreatic cancer | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Parkinson's Disease | 2.9 | 3.5 | -0.21 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 2.1 | 1.8 | 0.17 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 1.2 | 0.3 | 3 |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 1 | 0.7 | 0.43 |
| Psoriasis | 1.5 | 1.1 | 0.36 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 3.7 | 2.7 | 0.37 |
| Rosacea | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| Schizophrenia | 3 | 2.1 | 0.43 |
| scoliosis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Sjögren syndrome | 1.1 | 1.5 | -0.36 |
| Sleep Apnea | 1.6 | 1.5 | 0.07 |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 1.2 | 0.2 | 5 |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 1.7 | 1.9 | -0.12 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 1.9 | 1.8 | 0.06 |
| Tic Disorder | 0.6 | 0.9 | -0.5 |
| Tourette syndrome | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 1.3 | 2.5 | -0.92 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 3 | 3.3 | -0.1 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 2.4 | 2.1 | 0.14 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 2.4 | 1.4 | 0.71 |
| Vitiligo | 1.2 | 0.4 | 2 |
