| ATCC 33889| DSM 1251| Sulfurimonas denitrificans| Sulfurimonas denitrificans (Timmer-ten Hoor 1975) Takai et al. 2006| Thiomicrospira denitrificans| Thiomicrospira denitrificans Timmer-ten Hoor 1975 (Approved Lists 1980)
Co-infection with HBV: HDV can infect individuals who are already infected with HBV or can coinfect individuals concurrently with HBV. Coinfection with HDV and HBV can lead to a more severe form of acute hepatitis compared to HBV infection alone.
Superinfection: HDV can also cause superinfection in individuals who are already chronically infected with HBV. Superinfection with HDV in individuals with chronic HBV infection can lead to more severe liver disease, including fulminant hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer).
Chronic Hepatitis: Chronic infection with HDV can lead to chronic hepatitis delta, which can progress to cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. Chronic hepatitis delta is associated with a higher risk of liver-related morbidity and mortality compared to chronic HBV infection alone.
Transmission: HDV is transmitted primarily through percutaneous exposure to infected blood or other body fluids. It can also be transmitted vertically from mother to child during childbirth and through sexual contact.
Global Impact: HDV infection is a significant public health concern globally, particularly in regions where HBV infection is endemic. It is estimated that there are approximately 15-20 million individuals worldwide who are chronically infected with HDV.
Prevention and Treatment: Prevention of HDV infection involves vaccination against HBV, as HDV requires HBV for its replication. Treatment options for chronic hepatitis delta are limited and often less effective compared to treatment for chronic HBV infection. Current treatment options include interferon-based therapies, but they are associated with limited efficacy and significant side effects. Research into new treatment strategies for hepatitis delta is ongoing.
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Other Sources for more information:
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NCBI | Data Punk | End Products Produced |
Different labs use different software to read the sample. See this post for more details.
One lab may say you have none, another may say you have a lot! - This may be solely due to the software they are using to estimate.
We deem lab specific values using values from the KM method for each specific lab to be the most reliable.
Lab | Frequency | UD-Low | UD-High | KM Low | KM High | Lab Low | Lab High | Mean | Median | Standard Deviation | Box Plot Low | Box Plot High | KM Percentile Low | KM Percentile High |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Other Labs | 0.13 | 1 | 10 | 0 | 14 | 4.3 | 2 | 4.9 | 1 | 10 | 20 %ile | 60 %ile | ||
thryve | 0.09 | 0 | 162 | 162 | 162 | 162 | 162 | 0 %ile | 99 %ile |
Source of Ranges | Low Boundary | High Boundary | Low Boundary %age | High Boundary %age |
---|---|---|---|---|
PrecisionBiome | 3.467073474894278E-05 | 3.467073474894278E-05 | 0 | 0 |
Lab | Frequency Seen | Average | Standard Deviation | Sample Count | Lab Samples |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CerbaLab | 66.667 % | 0 % | 0 % | 2.0 | 3 |
es-xenogene | 3.125 % | 0.001 % | % | 1.0 | 32 |
Thorne | 0.692 % | 0 % | 0 % | 2.0 | 289 |
Thryve | 0.065 % | 0.016 % | % | 1.0 | 1543 |
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