Hexamitidae Details: NCBI 5739, gram-negative or unknown [family]

1. Spironucleosis: Spironucleus species, also known as hexamitids, are parasites belonging to the family Hexamitidae. They commonly infect the gastrointestinal tracts of fish and other aquatic animals. Spironucleosis can lead to various health impacts in fish, including intestinal inflammation, malabsorption, weight loss, and hemorrhagic lesions. Severe cases of spironucleosis may result in mortality, particularly in aquaculture settings.

2. Aquaculture Industry: Spironucleosis is of particular concern in the aquaculture industry, where it can lead to significant economic losses due to reduced growth rates, poor feed conversion, and increased mortality in affected fish populations. Control measures for spironucleosis in aquaculture may include improved hygiene practices, water quality management, and the use of medications or treatments to manage infections.

3. Transmission: Spironucleosis in fish is often transmitted horizontally through direct contact with infected fish or ingestion of contaminated food or water. Additionally, vertical transmission from parent fish to offspring may also occur in some cases.

4. Clinical Signs in Fish: Clinical signs of spironucleosis in fish may include lethargy, reduced appetite, abnormal swimming behavior, pale gills, and distended abdomens. Fish may also exhibit signs of gastrointestinal distress, such as diarrhea or fecal casts containing mucus.

Visuals of Interactions with other bacteria of the same rank

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Other Sources for more information:

• Immune Epitope Database
• The NCBI taxonomy database
• UniProt
• Immune Epitope Taxonomy Database (IEDB)
• AI Engines For more Details: Perplexity  Kagi Labs  You 

More Information

Statistics

NCBI

Data Punk

End Products Produced

Lab Reporting

Different labs use different software to read the sample. See this post for more details.
One lab may say you have none, another may say you have a lot! - This may be solely due to the software they are using to estimate.
We deem lab specific values using values from the KM method for each specific lab to be the most reliable.

Desired Levels Suggestions for Hexamitidae

• Frequency - how often do samples show this bacteria
• UD - An alternative statistical algorithm (which factors in the frequency)
• Kaltoft-Moldrup Heuristic Using uploaded data
• Lab Low and High are calculated using the formula that most labs use: Mean - 2 Standard Deviation to Mean + 2 Standard Deviation

These are values that are computed from lab specific samples (Patent Pending)

Lab	Frequency	UD-Low	UD-High	KM Low	KM High	Lab Low	Lab High	Mean	Median	Standard Deviation	Box Plot Low	Box Plot High	KM Percentile Low	KM Percentile High
Other Labs	0.09			1	10	0	18	5.5	6	6.4	1	10	25 %ile	50 %ile

External Reference Ranges for Hexamitidae

Hexamitidae (NCBI 5739) per million

Source of Ranges	Low Boundary	High Boundary	Low Boundary %age	High Boundary %age
PrecisionBiome	0.000537336221896112	0.001973948907107115	0	0

Statistic by Lab Source for Hexamitidae

These desired values are reported from the lab reports

Lab	Frequency Seen	Average	Standard Deviation	Sample Count	Lab Samples
custom	5.263 %	0.001 %	0.001 %	4.0	76
Thorne	2.422 %	0 %	0 %	7.0	289

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