| e-proteobacteria| epsilon proteobacteria| epsilon subdivision| epsilon subgroup| Epsilonproteobacteria| Epsilonproteobacteria Garrity et al. 2006| Proteobacteria epsilon subdivision| Purple bacteria, epsilon subdivision
Gastrointestinal infections: Campylobacter species, particularly Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, are major causes of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. Ingestion of contaminated food, particularly undercooked poultry, unpasteurized milk, and contaminated water, can lead to campylobacteriosis. Symptoms include diarrhea (often bloody), abdominal cramps, fever, nausea, and vomiting. The illness is usually self-limiting, but severe cases may require medical intervention.
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS): Campylobacter infection is a leading trigger for Guillain-Barré syndrome, a rare but serious autoimmune disorder that affects the peripheral nervous system. It occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the nerves, leading to muscle weakness, numbness, and, in severe cases, paralysis. The exact mechanism by which Campylobacter infection triggers GBS is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve molecular mimicry, where antibodies generated against Campylobacter cross-react with components of peripheral nerves.
Reactive arthritis: Some individuals infected with Campylobacter may develop reactive arthritis, a form of inflammatory arthritis that occurs in response to certain bacterial infections. Symptoms include joint pain, swelling, stiffness, and inflammation, typically affecting the knees, ankles, and feet. Reactive arthritis usually resolves on its own, but in some cases, symptoms may persist or recur.
Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS): Campylobacter infection can lead to post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) in some individuals. PI-IBS is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, and/or constipation, which persist for weeks to months following an acute gastrointestinal infection. The exact mechanisms underlying the development of PI-IBS after Campylobacter infection are not fully understood but may involve alterations in gut microbiota, immune dysregulation, and mucosal inflammation.
Bacteremia and systemic infections: Although less common than gastrointestinal infections, Campylobacter bacteremia (presence of Campylobacter bacteria in the bloodstream) can occur, particularly in immunocompromised individuals or those with underlying health conditions. Invasive Campylobacter infections can lead to systemic illness, including sepsis, meningitis, and endocarditis, which require prompt medical treatment with antibiotics.
A lot more information is available when you are logged in and raise the display level
Other Sources for more information:
 Statistics
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NCBI | Data Punk | End Products Produced |
Different labs use different software to read the sample. See this post for more details.
One lab may say you have none, another may say you have a lot! - This may be solely due to the software they are using to estimate.
We deem lab specific values using values from the KM method for each specific lab to be the most reliable.
| Lab | Frequency | UD-Low | UD-High | KM Low | KM High | Lab Low | Lab High | Mean | Median | Standard Deviation | Box Plot Low | Box Plot High | KM Percentile Low | KM Percentile High |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other Labs | 2.96 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 53708 | 0 | 32442 | 6808.4 | 990 | 13078.4 | 0 | 7750 | 0 %ile | 100 %ile |
| biomesight | 53.52 | 0 | 30 | 10 | 869 | 0 | 6257 | 464.9 | 40 | 2955 | 0 | 180 | 0 %ile | 95.1 %ile |
| thorne | 100 | 172 | 5163 | 0 | 3953 | 1356.9 | 741 | 1324.3 | 83 | 3231 | 0 %ile | 100 %ile | ||
| thryve | 45.49 | 0 | 30 | 1 | 3400 | 0 | 10967 | 796 | 54 | 5189.3 | 0 | 266 | 0 %ile | 96 %ile |
| ubiome | 33.71 | 0 | 48 | 12 | 67367 | 0 | 16970 | 1994.3 | 145 | 7640.5 | 0 | 959 | 0 %ile | 100 %ile |
| Source of Ranges | Low Boundary | High Boundary | Low Boundary %age | High Boundary %age |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lab Teletest | 0 | 1000 | 0 | 0.1 |
| PrecisionBiome | 0.0005865442217327654 | 0.021577337756752968 | 0 | 0 |
| Lab | Frequency Seen | Average | Standard Deviation | Sample Count | Lab Samples |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AmericanGut | 40 % | 0.724 % | 1.541 % | 6.0 | 15 |
| BiomeSight | 59.403 % | 0.045 % | 0.347 % | 2767.0 | 4658 |
| BiomeSightRdp | 54.839 % | 0.041 % | 0.107 % | 17.0 | 31 |
| bugspeak | 100 % | 0.025 % | % | 1.0 | 1 |
| CerbaLab | 66.667 % | 0.02 % | 0.014 % | 2.0 | 3 |
| CosmosId | 9.375 % | 0.024 % | 0.035 % | 3.0 | 32 |
| custom | 36.842 % | 1.589 % | 1.621 % | 28.0 | 76 |
| es-xenogene | 96.875 % | 0.197 % | 0.144 % | 31.0 | 32 |
| Medivere | 87.5 % | 1.658 % | 1.391 % | 7.0 | 8 |
| Precision | 75 % | 0.005 % | 0.005 % | 3.0 | 4 |
| SequentiaBiotech | 25.714 % | 1.486 % | 2.235 % | 9.0 | 35 |
| Thorne | 94.845 % | 0.062 % | 0.094 % | 276.0 | 291 |
| Thryve | 44.459 % | 0.064 % | 0.448 % | 686.0 | 1543 |
| Tiny | 8.333 % | 0.002 % | % | 1.0 | 12 |
| uBiome | 33.167 % | 0.199 % | 0.764 % | 266.0 | 802 |
| vitract | 50 % | 0.003 % | % | 1.0 | 2 |
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And display level must be raised above public.
